---
title: Identify the principal reason for which the Portuguese language is s… — Latin America and the Caribbean · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which the Portuguese language is spoken in the Federative Republic of Brazil. Exam question 1 of lesson 14 «Latin America and the Caribbean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option;
---

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# Exam question 1 · Latin America and the Caribbean

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which the Portuguese language is spoken in the Federative Republic of Brazil.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, speak · **To what, where:** principal reason, Portuguese language, Federative Republic · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 14 «Latin America and the Caribbean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/14-latin-america-and-the-caribbean/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:14-latin-america-and-the-caribbean:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which the Portuguese language is spoken in the Federative Republic of Brazil.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Portuguese	portuguese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	Federative	federative	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	Republic	Republic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Brazil	Brazil	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · passive |  | the Portuguese language |  | the Federative Republic of Brazil |  | for the principal reason | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Brazil was purchased from Spain by Portugal in 1900

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:14-latin-america-and-the-caribbean:e1:o1:1
# text = Brazil was purchased from Spain by Portugal in 1900
1	Brazil	Brazil	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	purchased	purchase	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Spain	Spain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Portugal	Portugal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	1900	1900	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **purchase** | past · passive | Portugal | Brazil |  | Spain |  | in 1900 | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent subject=Theme from spain=Source |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Under the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494, eastern South America fell to Portugal, which colonised it

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:14-latin-america-and-the-caribbean:e1:o2:1
# text = Under the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494, eastern South America fell to Portugal, which colonised it
1	Under	under	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Treaty	Treaty	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Tordesillas	Tordesillas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	1494	1494	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	eastern	eastern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
12	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Portugal	Portugal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
17	colonised	colonis	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past |  |  | Portugal | the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494 and eastern South America |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme under treaty=Location |
| 2 | **colonis** | past | Portugal | it |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Portuguese was adopted by decree in 1960 upon the founding of Brasília

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:14-latin-america-and-the-caribbean:e1:o3:1
# text = Portuguese was adopted by decree in 1960 upon the founding of Brasília
1	Portuguese	Portuguese	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	adopted	adopt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	decree	decree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	1960	1960	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
8	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	founding	founding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Brasília	Brasília	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **adopt** | past · passive | decree | Portuguese |  | 1960 |  | upon the founding of Brasília | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **found** |  |  | Brasília |  |  |  |  | nom founding «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Indigenous peoples of Brazil spoke Portuguese prior to 1492

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:14-latin-america-and-the-caribbean:e1:o4:1
# text = The Indigenous peoples of Brazil spoke Portuguese prior to 1492
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Indigenous	indigenous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Brazil	Brazil	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	Portuguese	portuguese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
8	prior	prior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	10	case	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	1492	1492	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the Indigenous peoples of Brazil |  |  |  |  | portuguese *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Latin America and the Caribbean, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/14-latin-america-and-the-caribbean/t11/)
- next →: [Latin America and the Caribbean, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/14-latin-america-and-the-caribbean/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Latin America and the Caribbean](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/14-latin-america-and-the-caribbean/)