---
title: Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning… — Latin America and the Caribbean · tree and pragmatics
description: Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the population of the Americas subsequent to the year 1492. Exam question 3 of lesson 14 «Latin America and the Caribbean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question an
---

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# Exam question 3 · Latin America and the Caribbean

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the population of the Americas subsequent to the year 1492.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, established facts · **What happens:** select, establish, concern · **To what, where:** response, population

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 14 «Latin America and the Caribbean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/14-latin-america-and-the-caribbean/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:14-latin-america-and-the-caribbean:e3:1
# text = Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the population of the Americas subsequent to the year 1492.
1	Select	select	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	response	response	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Americas	AMERICAS	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
15	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	1492	1492	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	18	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **select** | imperative | you *not said here* | the response |  |  |  | consistent *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme |
| 2 | **establish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **concern** | gerund | the established facts *not said here* | the population of the Americas |  |  |  | subsequent *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus population=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Indigenous population increased substantially owing to European trade

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:14-latin-america-and-the-caribbean:e3:o1:1
# text = The Indigenous population increased substantially owing to European trade
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Indigenous	indigenous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	increased	increase	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	substantially	substantially	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	owing	owe	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	European	European	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **increase** | past | the Indigenous population |  |  |  |  | substantially *property* | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **owe** | gerund | the Indigenous population *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to European trade *goal* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to trade=Goal |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Indigenous population remained unchanged

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:14-latin-america-and-the-caribbean:e3:o2:1
# text = The Indigenous population remained unchanged
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Indigenous	indigenous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	remained	remain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	unchanged	unchanged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remain** | past | the Indigenous population |  |  |  |  | unchanged *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Indigenous population declined catastrophically, chiefly owing to introduced diseases, warfare and forced labour

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:14-latin-america-and-the-caribbean:e3:o3:1
# text = The Indigenous population declined catastrophically, chiefly owing to introduced diseases, warfare and forced labour
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Indigenous	indigenous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	declined	decline	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	catastrophically	catastrophically	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	chiefly	chiefly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	owing	owe	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	introduced	introduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	diseases	disease	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	warfare	warfare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	forced	force	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	amod	_	_
16	labour	labour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **decline** | past | the Indigenous population |  |  |  |  | catastrophically *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **owe** | gerund | the Indigenous population *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to introduced diseases and warfare and forced labour *goal*; chiefly *property* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to disease=Goal |
| 3 | **introduce** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **force** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Indigenous population emigrated voluntarily to Europe

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:14-latin-america-and-the-caribbean:e3:o4:1
# text = The Indigenous population emigrated voluntarily to Europe
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Indigenous	indigenous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	emigrated	emigrate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	voluntarily	voluntarily	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **emigrate** | past | the Indigenous population |  |  | Europe |  | voluntarily *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to europe=Initial\_Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Latin America and the Caribbean, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/14-latin-america-and-the-caribbean/e2/)
- next →: [Latin America and the Caribbean, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/14-latin-america-and-the-caribbean/e4/)
- ↑ back to [Latin America and the Caribbean](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/14-latin-america-and-the-caribbean/)