---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — The Arctic and Antarctica · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the Arctic region in contradistinction to the Antarctic? Exam question 1 of lesson 15 «The Arctic and Antarctica» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each opti
---

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# Exam question 1 · The Arctic and Antarctica

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the Arctic region in contradistinction to the Antarctic?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** Arctic region, contradistinction

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 15 «The Arctic and Antarctica» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/15-the-arctic-and-antarctica/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:15-the-arctic-and-antarctica:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the Arctic region in contradistinction to the Antarctic?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	region	region	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	contradistinction	contradistinction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Antarctic	Antarctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the Arctic region |  | contradistinction to the Antarctic |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Arctic comprises a continent, whereas Antarctica comprises an ocean

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:15-the-arctic-and-antarctica:e1:o1:1
# text = The Arctic comprises a continent, whereas Antarctica comprises an ocean
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	comprises	comprise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	continent	continent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	Antarctica	Antarctica	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	comprises	comprise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **comprise** | present | the Arctic | a continent |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme continent=Pivot |
| 2 | **comprise** | present | Antarctica | a ocean |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme ocean=Pivot |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both regions comprise frozen oceans devoid of land

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:15-the-arctic-and-antarctica:e1:o2:1
# text = Both regions comprise frozen oceans devoid of land
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	regions	region	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	comprise	comprise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	oceans	ocean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	devoid	devoid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **comprise** | present | both regions | frozen oceans |  |  |  | devoid *property* | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme ocean=Pivot |
| 2 | **freeze** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both regions comprise ice-covered continents

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:15-the-arctic-and-antarctica:e1:o3:1
# text = Both regions comprise ice-covered continents
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	regions	region	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	comprise	comprise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	continents	continent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **comprise** | present | both regions | covered continents |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme continent=Pivot |
| 2 | **cover** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Arctic comprises a frozen ocean encircled by land, whereas Antarctica comprises an ice-covered landmass encircled by ocean

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:15-the-arctic-and-antarctica:e1:o4:1
# text = The Arctic comprises a frozen ocean encircled by land, whereas Antarctica comprises an ice-covered landmass encircled by ocean
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	comprises	comprise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	frozen	frozen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	encircled	encircle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	Antarctica	Antarctica	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	comprises	comprise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
15	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	amod	_	_
18	landmass	landmass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
19	encircled	encircle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl	_	_
20	by	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **comprise** | present | the Arctic | a frozen ocean |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme ocean=Pivot |
| 2 | **encircle** | participle |  | a frozen ocean *not said here* |  |  |  | by land | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **comprise** | present | Antarctica | a covered landmass |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme landmass=Pivot |
| 4 | **cover** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **encircle** | participle |  | a covered landmass *not said here* |  |  |  | by ocean | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [The Arctic and Antarctica, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/15-the-arctic-and-antarctica/t11/)
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