---
title: A cartoon shows a polar bear hunting penguins. Could this happen in… — The Arctic and Antarctica · tree and pragmatics
description: A cartoon shows a polar bear hunting penguins. Could this happen in the wild? Test 1 · ★ of lesson 15 «The Arctic and Antarctica» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 1 · ★ · The Arctic and Antarctica

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cartoon shows a polar bear hunting penguins. Could this happen in the wild?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** cartoon, polar bear, this · **What happens:** show, hunt, happen · **To what, where:** polar bear, penguins, wild

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 15 «The Arctic and Antarctica» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/15-the-arctic-and-antarctica/#t1).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A cartoon shows a polar bear hunting penguins.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:15-the-arctic-and-antarctica:t1:1
# text = A cartoon shows a polar bear hunting penguins.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	hunting	hunt	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
8	penguins	penguin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | a cartoon | a polar bear |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent bear=Recipient |
| 2 | **hunt** | gerund | a polar bear *not said here* | penguins |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent penguin=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Could this happen in the wild?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:15-the-arctic-and-antarctica:t1:2
# text = Could this happen in the wild?
1	Could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	nsubj	_	_
3	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	wild	wild	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | could | this |  |  | the wild |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in wild=Location |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, polar bears live only in the Arctic and wild penguins only in the south

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:15-the-arctic-and-antarctica:t1:o1:1
# text = No, polar bears live only in the Arctic and wild penguins only in the south
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	only	only	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	penguins	penguin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
13	only	only	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	south	south	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | polar bears |  |  | the Arctic and wild penguins |  | in the south | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in arctic=Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, they meet in Antarctica

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:15-the-arctic-and-antarctica:t1:o2:1
# text = Yes, they meet in Antarctica
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	meet	meet	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Antarctica	Antarctica	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **meet** | present | they |  |  | Antarctica |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, they meet at the North Pole every winter

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:15-the-arctic-and-antarctica:t1:o3:1
# text = Yes, they meet at the North Pole every winter
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	meet	meet	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Pole	Pole	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **meet** | present | they |  |  | the North Pole | winter |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, but only in summer when the bears swim south across the ocean to find food

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:15-the-arctic-and-antarctica:t1:o4:1
# text = Yes, but only in summer when the bears swim south across the ocean to find food
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	10	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	swim	swim	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
11	south	south	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	across	across	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	_
17	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swim** | present | the bears |  |  | the ocean |  | south *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across ocean=Trajectory |
| 2 | **find** | to-infinitive | the bears *not said here* | food |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Topic |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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