---
title: Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning… — Mountains and highlands · tree and pragmatics
description: Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the phenomenon of the rain shadow. Exam question 4 of lesson 17 «Mountains and highlands» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice w
---

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# Exam question 4 · Mountains and highlands

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the phenomenon of the rain shadow.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, established facts · **What happens:** select, establish, concern · **To what, where:** response, phenomenon

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 17 «Mountains and highlands» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:17-mountains-and-highlands:e4:1
# text = Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the phenomenon of the rain shadow.
1	Select	select	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	response	response	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **select** | imperative | you *not said here* | the response |  |  |  | consistent *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme |
| 2 | **establish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **concern** | gerund | the established facts *not said here* | the phenomenon of the rain shadow |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus phenomenon=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rain falls exclusively upon the leeward side

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:17-mountains-and-highlands:e4:o1:1
# text = Rain falls exclusively upon the leeward side
1	Rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	falls	fall	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	leeward	leeward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | present | Rain |  |  | the leeward side |  | exclusively *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon side=Location |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Moist air, forced upward by mountains, discharges its rain upon the windward side, leaving the leeward side arid

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:17-mountains-and-highlands:e4:o2:1
# text = Moist air, forced upward by mountains, discharges its rain upon the windward side, leaving the leeward side arid
1	Moist	moist	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	forced	force	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
5	upward	upward	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
9	discharges	discharge	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	windward	windward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	leeward	leeward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
21	arid	arid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **force** | participle |  | Moist air *not said here* |  |  |  | by mountains; upward *property* | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **discharge** | present | Moist air | air's rain |  |  |  | upon the windward side | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rain=Theme |
| 3 | **leave** | gerund | Moist air *not said here* | the leeward side |  |  |  | arid *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent side=Theme |
| 4 | **rain** |  | air |  |  |  |  |  | nom rain «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mountains generate rainfall of themselves irrespective of the wind

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:17-mountains-and-highlands:e4:o3:1
# text = Mountains generate rainfall of themselves irrespective of the wind
1	Mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	generate	generate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	rainfall	rainfall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	nmod	_	_
6	irrespective	irrespective	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **generate** | present | Mountains | rainfall of Mountains |  |  |  | of the wind; irrespective *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rainfall=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rain shadow is the shade cast beneath a cloud

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:17-mountains-and-highlands:e4:o4:1
# text = The rain shadow is the shade cast beneath a cloud
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	shade	shade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
7	cast	cast	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the rain shadow and the shade *not said here* | the shade |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cast** | past | the rain shadow and the shade |  |  | a cloud |  |  | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent beneath cloud=Destination |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Mountains and highlands, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/e3/)
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