---
title: In Europa Universalis 5, mountains mostly hurt attacking armies. Wha… — Mountains and highlands · tree and pragmatics
description: In Europa Universalis 5, mountains mostly hurt attacking armies. What else do real mountains do that the game hides? Test 3 · ★ of lesson 17 «Mountains and highlands» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's 
---

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# Test 3 · ★ · Mountains and highlands

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Europa Universalis 5, mountains mostly hurt attacking armies. What else do real mountains do that the game hides?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** mountains, real mountains, game · **What happens:** hurt, attack, do, hide · **To what, where:** Europa, armies

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 17 «Mountains and highlands» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/#t3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* In Europa Universalis 5, mountains mostly hurt attacking armies.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:17-mountains-and-highlands:t3:1
# text = In Europa Universalis 5, mountains mostly hurt attacking armies.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Europa	Europa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
3	Universalis	Universalis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
4	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	attacking	attack	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	xcomp	_	_
10	armies	army	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurt** | past | mountains |  |  | Europa |  | mostly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **attack** | gerund | mountains *not said here* | armies |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent army=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What else do real mountains do that the game hides?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:17-mountains-and-highlands:t3:2
# text = What else do real mountains do that the game hides?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	6	obj	_	_
2	else	else	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	csubj	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	hides	hide	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **do** | present | real mountains |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |
| 3 | **hide** | present | the game |  |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They make weather, catching rain on one side and leaving a dry rain shadow

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:17-mountains-and-highlands:t3:o1:1
# text = They make weather, catching rain on one side and leaving a dry rain shadow
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	catching	catch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | They | weather |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset weather=Product |
| 2 | **catch** | gerund | They *not said here* | rain |  | one side |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rain=Theme |
| 3 | **leave** | gerund | They *not said here* | a dry rain shadow |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shadow=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nothing, they only stop armies

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:17-mountains-and-highlands:t3:o2:1
# text = Nothing, they only stop armies
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	stop	stop	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	armies	army	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | present | Nothing | armies |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality army=Eventuality |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They stop rivers from forming anywhere near them, so valleys stay dry

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:17-mountains-and-highlands:t3:o3:1
# text = They stop rivers from forming anywhere near them, so valleys stay dry
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stop	stop	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	forming	form	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	anywhere	anywhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	5	advmod	_	_
7	near	near	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	valleys	valley	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
12	stay	stay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
13	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | present | They | rivers |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality river=Eventuality |
| 2 | **form** | gerund | They *not said here* |  |  |  |  | near rivers *= river*; anywhere *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near they=Location |
| 3 | **stay** | present | valleys |  |  |  |  | dry *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They make the ground hotter at the top, closer to the Sun

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:17-mountains-and-highlands:t3:o4:1
# text = They make the ground hotter at the top, closer to the Sun
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	hotter	hot	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	xcomp	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	closer	close	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	conj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | They | the ground |  |  |  | hot *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset ground=Product |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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