---
title: Identify the principal reason for which the determination of longitu… — Directions, latitude and longitude · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which the determination of longitude at sea remained impracticable prior to the eighteenth century. Exam question 1 of lesson 2 «Directions, latitude and longitude» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the ques
---

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# Exam question 1 · Directions, latitude and longitude

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which the determination of longitude at sea remained impracticable prior to the eighteenth century.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, determination, longitude · **What happens:** identify, remain, determine · **To what, where:** principal reason

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 2 «Directions, latitude and longitude» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/2-directions-latitude-and-longitude/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:2-directions-latitude-and-longitude:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which the determination of longitude at sea remained impracticable prior to the eighteenth century.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	obl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	determination	determination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	longitude	longitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	remained	remain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
14	impracticable	impracticable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	_
15	prior	prior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	13	xcomp	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	eighteenth	eighteenth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **remain** | past | the determination of longitude at sea |  |  |  |  | for the principal reason; impracticable, prior *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **determine** |  | longitude at sea |  |  |  |  |  | nom determination «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No sufficiently accurate marine timekeeper existed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:2-directions-latitude-and-longitude:e1:o1:1
# text = No sufficiently accurate marine timekeeper existed
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
2	sufficiently	sufficiently	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	accurate	accurate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	marine	marine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	timekeeper	timekeeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	existed	exist	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exist** | past | no accurate marine timekeeper |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Pole Star was not visible from ships

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:2-directions-latitude-and-longitude:e1:o2:1
# text = The Pole Star was not visible from ships
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Pole	Pole	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Star	Star	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	visible	visible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | past | the Pole Star |  |  | ships |  | visible *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The magnetic compass had not been invented

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:2-directions-latitude-and-longitude:e1:o3:1
# text = The magnetic compass had not been invented
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	magnetic	magnetic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	compass	compass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
6	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	invented	invent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **invent** | past · perfect · passive |  | the magnetic compass |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Latitude had not yet been defined

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:2-directions-latitude-and-longitude:e1:o4:1
# text = Latitude had not yet been defined
1	Latitude	latitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
4	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	defined	define	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **define** | past · perfect · passive |  | Latitude |  |  | yet |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Directions, latitude and longitude, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/2-directions-latitude-and-longitude/t11/)
- next →: [Directions, latitude and longitude, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/2-directions-latitude-and-longitude/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Directions, latitude and longitude](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/2-directions-latitude-and-longitude/)