--- title: How could Portuguese captains know how far south they had sailed alo… — Directions, latitude and longitude · tree and pragmatics description: How could Portuguese captains know how far south they had sailed along Africa? Test 11 · ★ of lesson 2 «Directions, latitude and longitude» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/2-directions-latitude-and-longitude/t11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/) / [Directions, latitude and longitude](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/2-directions-latitude-and-longitude/) / t11 # Test 11 · ★ · Directions, latitude and longitude How could Portuguese captains know how far south they had sailed along Africa? **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Portuguese captains, captains · **What happens:** know, sail · **To what, where:** Africa This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 2 «Directions, latitude and longitude» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/2-directions-latitude-and-longitude/#t11). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:geography:2-directions-latitude-and-longitude:t11:1 # text = How could Portuguese captains know how far south they had sailed along Africa? 1 How how ADV WRB PronType=Int 5 advmod _ _ 2 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 3 Portuguese portuguese ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 captains captain NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 5 know know VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 advcl _ _ 6 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 7 advmod _ _ 7 far far ADV RB Degree=Pos 8 advmod _ _ 8 south south ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 9 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 10 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ _ 11 sailed sail VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 12 along along ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 14 ? ? PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **know** | could | Portuguese captains | | | | | south *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 2 | **sail** | past · perfect | captains *= captain* | | | Africa | | | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent along africa=Trajectory | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1} From the height of the Pole Star, sinking lower each night ```conllu # sent_id = question:geography:2-directions-latitude-and-longitude:t11:o1:1 # text = From the height of the Pole Star, sinking lower each night 1 From from ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 height height NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 Pole Pole PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 Star Star PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 8 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 9 sinking sink VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 3 parataxis _ _ 10 lower low ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 9 xcomp _ _ 11 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 12 det _ _ 12 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl:unmarked _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **sink** | gerund | | | | | night | low *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ### Option 2 {#o2} From the colour of the sea water ```conllu # sent_id = question:geography:2-directions-latitude-and-longitude:t11:o2:1 # text = From the colour of the sea water 1 From from ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 colour colour NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ### Option 3 {#o3} By counting the days only ```conllu # sent_id = question:geography:2-directions-latitude-and-longitude:t11:o3:1 # text = By counting the days only 1 By by SCONJ IN _ 2 mark _ _ 2 counting count VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 days day NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 5 only only ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **count** | gerund | | | | | day | | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus | ### Option 4 {#o4} By the length of the coast already drawn on their charts at home ```conllu # sent_id = question:geography:2-directions-latitude-and-longitude:t11:o4:1 # text = By the length of the coast already drawn on their charts at home 1 By by ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 length length NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 coast coast NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ 7 already already ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 8 drawn draw VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 9 on on ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 11 charts chart NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ _ 12 at at ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 home home NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **draw** | participle | | | | their charts at home | | by the length of the coast | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on chart=Destination | | 2 | **chart** | | their *= they* | | | home | | | nom chart «communication transitive»: poss=agent at=place | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Directions, latitude and longitude, test 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/2-directions-latitude-and-longitude/t10/) - next →: [Directions, latitude and longitude, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/2-directions-latitude-and-longitude/e1/) - ↑ back to [Directions, latitude and longitude](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/2-directions-latitude-and-longitude/)