---
title: Identify the principal reason for which mariners trading across the… — Winds, monsoons and ocean currents · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which mariners trading across the Indian Ocean customarily remained in port for several months. Exam question 1 of lesson 22 «Winds, monsoons and ocean currents» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the questio
---

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# Exam question 1 · Winds, monsoons and ocean currents

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which mariners trading across the Indian Ocean customarily remained in port for several months.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, mariners · **What happens:** identify, trade, remain · **To what, where:** principal reason, Indian Ocean, port

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 22 «Winds, monsoons and ocean currents» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which mariners trading across the Indian Ocean customarily remained in port for several months.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	obl	_	_
7	mariners	mariner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
8	trading	trade	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	across	across	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	Ocean	Ocean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	customarily	customarily	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	remained	remain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	port	port	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	months	month	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **trade** | gerund | mariners *not said here* |  |  | the Indian Ocean |  |  | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **remain** | past | mariners |  |  | port | month | for the principal reason; customarily *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in port=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vessels required wholesale reconstruction after every voyage

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents:e1:o1:1
# text = Vessels required wholesale reconstruction after every voyage
1	Vessels	vessel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	required	require	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	wholesale	wholesale	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reconstruction	reconstruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	voyage	voyage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | participle | Vessels *not said here* | wholesale reconstruction |  |  | after every voyage |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme reconstruction=Precondition |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ocean was rendered impassable by ice during winter

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents:e1:o2:1
# text = The ocean was rendered impassable by ice during winter
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	rendered	render	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	impassable	impassable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	during	during	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **render** | past · passive | ice | the ocean |  |  | winter | impassable *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Voyages were contingent upon the seasonal reversal of the monsoon winds

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents:e1:o3:1
# text = Voyages were contingent upon the seasonal reversal of the monsoon winds
1	Voyages	voyage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	contingent	contingent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	seasonal	seasonal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	reversal	reversal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	monsoon	monsoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	winds	wind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Voyages | contingent |  |  |  | upon the seasonal reversal of the monsoon winds | tree rules |
| 2 | **reverse** |  |  | the monsoon winds |  |  |  |  | nom reversal «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Port authorities prohibited all departures during the summer months by law

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents:e1:o4:1
# text = Port authorities prohibited all departures during the summer months by law
1	Port	port	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	authorities	authority	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	prohibited	prohibit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	departures	departure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	during	during	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	months	month	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prohibit** | past | Port authorities | all departures |  |  | month | by law | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer departure=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Winds, monsoons and ocean currents, test 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/t12/)
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