--- title: Identify the principal cause of the elevation of the mean global tem… — Weather, storms and the changing climate · tree and pragmatics description: Identify the principal cause of the elevation of the mean global temperature observed since the nineteenth century. Exam question 1 of lesson 23 «Weather, storms and the changing climate» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/e1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/) / [Weather, storms and the changing climate](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/) / e1 # Exam question 1 · Weather, storms and the changing climate Identify the principal cause of the elevation of the mean global temperature observed since the nineteenth century. **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, observe, cause, elevate · **To what, where:** principal cause, mean global temperature, elevation This is exam question 1 of lesson 23 «Weather, storms and the changing climate» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/#e1). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:geography:23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate:e1:1 # text = Identify the principal cause of the elevation of the mean global temperature observed since the nineteenth century. 1 Identify identify VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 principal principal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 cause cause NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 elevation elevation NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 10 mean mean ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 11 global global ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 temperature temperature NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 13 observed observe VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 acl _ _ 14 since since ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 16 nineteenth nineteenth ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 century century NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 18 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal cause of the elevation of the mean global temperature | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent cause=Theme | | 2 | **observe** | participle | | the mean global temperature *not said here* | | | century | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **cause** | | | the elevation of the mean global temperature | | | | | nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient | | 4 | **elevate** | | | the mean global temperature | | | | | nom elevation «event transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1} A diminution in the distance between the Earth and the Sun ```conllu # sent_id = question:geography:23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate:e1:o1:1 # text = A diminution in the distance between the Earth and the Sun 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 diminution diminution NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 3 in in ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 distance distance NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 6 between between ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 Earth Earth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 Sun Sun PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 conj _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ### Option 2 {#o2} An increase in the frequency of volcanic eruptions ```conllu # sent_id = question:geography:23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate:e1:o2:1 # text = An increase in the frequency of volcanic eruptions 1 An a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 increase increase NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 3 in in ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 frequency frequency NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 volcanic volcanic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 eruptions eruption NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3} The combustion by mankind of coal, oil and natural gas ```conllu # sent_id = question:geography:23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate:e1:o3:1 # text = The combustion by mankind of coal, oil and natural gas 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 combustion combustion NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 3 by by ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 mankind mankind NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 coal coal NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 7 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 8 oil oil NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 conj _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 10 natural natural ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 gas gas NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 conj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **combust** | | mankind of coal | | | | | | nom combustion «process intransitive»: by=agent | ### Option 4 {#o4} The reflection of additional light by the Moon ```conllu # sent_id = question:geography:23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate:e1:o4:1 # text = The reflection of additional light by the Moon 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 reflection reflection NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 3 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 additional additional ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 6 by by ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 Moon Moon PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Weather, storms and the changing climate, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/t11/) - next →: [Weather, storms and the changing climate, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/e2/) - ↑ back to [Weather, storms and the changing climate](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/)