---
title: Identify the principal reason for which Spanish, Portuguese, French,… — Languages and peoples on the map · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian and Romanian exhibit marked mutual resemblance. Exam question 1 of lesson 25 «Languages and peoples on the map» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and o
---

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# Exam question 1 · Languages and peoples on the map

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian and Romanian exhibit marked mutual resemblance.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, Romanian exhibit · **What happens:** identify, mark · **To what, where:** principal reason, mutual resemblance

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 25 «Languages and peoples on the map» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/25-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:25-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian and Romanian exhibit marked mutual resemblance.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
7	Spanish	Spanish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Portuguese	portuguese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	Italian	Italian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	Romanian	romanian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	exhibit	exhibit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
17	marked	mark	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl	_	_
18	mutual	mutual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	resemblance	resemblance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **mark** | participle | Romanian exhibit *not said here* | mutual resemblance |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent resemblance=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each is written in the Cyrillic script

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:25-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map:e1:o1:1
# text = Each is written in the Cyrillic script
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Cyrillic	cyrillic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	script	script	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present · passive |  | Each |  | the Cyrillic script |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in script=Destination |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each was deliberately constructed from the others by scholars

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:25-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map:e1:o2:1
# text = Each was deliberately constructed from the others by scholars
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	deliberately	deliberately	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	constructed	construct	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	scholars	scholar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl:agent	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **construct** | past · passive | scholars | Each |  | the others |  | deliberately *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent subject=Result from other=Material |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each is descended from Latin, the language of the Roman Empire

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:25-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map:e1:o3:1
# text = Each is descended from Latin, the language of the Roman Empire
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	descended	descend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Latin	Latin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	Roman	Roman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Empire	Empire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **descend** | present · passive |  | Each |  | Latin |  |  | vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each is employed in a single sovereign state

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:25-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map:e1:o4:1
# text = Each is employed in a single sovereign state
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	employed	employ	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	sovereign	sovereign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **employ** | present · passive |  | Each |  | a single sovereign state |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Languages and peoples on the map, test 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/25-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map/t12/)
- next →: [Languages and peoples on the map, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/25-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Languages and peoples on the map](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/25-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map/)