---
title: Identify the principal reason for which states engage in internation… — Resources and what countries trade · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which states engage in international trade. Exam question 1 of lesson 27 «Resources and what countries trade» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/27-resources-and-what-countries-trade/e1/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/) / [Resources and what countries trade](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/27-resources-and-what-countries-trade/) / e1

# Exam question 1 · Resources and what countries trade

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which states engage in international trade.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, states · **What happens:** identify, engage · **To what, where:** principal reason, international trade

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 27 «Resources and what countries trade» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/27-resources-and-what-countries-trade/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:27-resources-and-what-countries-trade:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which states engage in international trade.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obl	_	_
7	states	state	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	engage	engage	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	international	international	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **engage** | present | states |  |  |  |  | in international trade *goal*; for the principal reason | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent in trade=Goal |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each state produces all goods efficiently but wishes to dispose of surplus

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:27-resources-and-what-countries-trade:e1:o1:1
# text = Each state produces all goods efficiently but wishes to dispose of surplus
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	produces	produce	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	3	obj	_	_
6	efficiently	efficiently	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	wishes	wish	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	dispose	dispose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	surplus	surplus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **produce** | present | each state | all goods |  |  |  | efficiently *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goods=Result |
| 2 | **wish** | present | each state *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 3 | **dispose** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | each state *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of surplus | vn addict-96 «NP V NP PP.Theme»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No state can produce all goods efficiently, so each exchanges what it produces best

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:27-resources-and-what-countries-trade:e1:o2:1
# text = No state can produce all goods efficiently, so each exchanges what it produces best
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	produce	produce	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	4	obj	_	_
7	efficiently	efficiently	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	nsubj	_	_
11	exchanges	exchange	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
12	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	14	obj	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	produces	produce	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	ccomp	_	_
15	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **produce** | can | no state | all goods |  |  |  | efficiently *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goods=Result |
| 2 | **exchange** | present | each | best |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **produce** | present | state |  |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Result |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
International law compels each state to trade a fixed and equal quantity of goods each year

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:27-resources-and-what-countries-trade:e1:o3:1
# text = International law compels each state to trade a fixed and equal quantity of goods each year
1	International	international	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	compels	compel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	trade	trade	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
9	fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	equal	equal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
12	quantity	quantity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	12	nmod	_	_
15	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	16	det	_	_
16	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compel** | present | International law | each state |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent state=Patient |
| 2 | **trade** | to-infinitive | International law *not said here* | a fixed quantity of goods |  |  | year |  | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quantity=Theme |
| 3 | **fix** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Trade is conducted solely for the purpose of collecting customs duties

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:27-resources-and-what-countries-trade:e1:o4:1
# text = Trade is conducted solely for the purpose of collecting customs duties
1	Trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	conducted	conduct	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	solely	solely	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	collecting	collect	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
10	customs	custom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	compound	_	_
11	duties	duty	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **conduct** | present · passive |  | Trade |  |  |  | for the purpose; solely *property* | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **collect** | gerund | the purpose *not said here* | customs duties |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent duty=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Resources and what countries trade, test 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/27-resources-and-what-countries-trade/t12/)
- next →: [Resources and what countries trade, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/27-resources-and-what-countries-trade/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Resources and what countries trade](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/27-resources-and-what-countries-trade/)