--- title: Why did merchants share the cost of voyages in companies? — The spice trade and the Indian Ocean · tree and pragmatics description: Why did merchants share the cost of voyages in companies? Test 7 · ★ of lesson 29 «The spice trade and the Indian Ocean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean/t7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/) / [The spice trade and the Indian Ocean](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean/) / t7 # Test 7 · ★ · The spice trade and the Indian Ocean Why did merchants share the cost of voyages in companies? **Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** merchants · **What happens:** share, cost · **To what, where:** cost, voyages This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 29 «The spice trade and the Indian Ocean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean/#t7). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:geography:29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean:t7:1 # text = Why did merchants share the cost of voyages in companies? 1 Why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 4 advmod _ _ 2 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 3 merchants merchant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 share share VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 cost cost NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 voyages voyage NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nmod _ _ 9 in in ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 companies company NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 11 ? ? PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **share** | past · do-support | merchants | the cost of voyages in companies | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **cost** | | | voyages in companies | | | | | nom cost «possession transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 {#o1} Each merchant only wanted a tiny profit ```conllu # sent_id = question:geography:29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean:t7:o1:1 # text = Each merchant only wanted a tiny profit 1 Each each DET DT PronType=Tot 2 det _ _ 2 merchant merchant NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 only only ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 4 wanted want VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 profit profit NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **want** | past | each merchant | a tiny profit | | | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot profit=Theme | ### Option 2 {#o2} Companies were cheaper to sink ```conllu # sent_id = question:geography:29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean:t7:o2:1 # text = Companies were cheaper to sink 1 Companies company NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 cheaper cheap ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 0 root _ _ 4 to to PART TO _ 5 mark _ _ 5 sink sink VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 xcomp _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | Companies | | | | | cheap *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **sink** | to-infinitive | Companies *not said here* | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ### Option 3 {#o3} The king forbade anyone to own a ship on their own ```conllu # sent_id = question:geography:29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean:t7:o3:1 # text = The king forbade anyone to own a ship on their own 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 forbade forbid VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 anyone anyone PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 3 obj _ _ 5 to to PART TO _ 6 mark _ _ 6 own own VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 xcomp _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 ship ship NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ 9 on on ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 11 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **forbid** | past | the king | anyone | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **own** | to-infinitive | the king *not said here* | a ship | | their own | | | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot ship=Theme | ### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4} Voyages were costly and risky, so sharing spread the risk ```conllu # sent_id = question:geography:29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean:t7:o4:1 # text = Voyages were costly and risky, so sharing spread the risk 1 Voyages voyage NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 costly costly ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 5 risky risky ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 6 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 7 so so ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _ 8 sharing share VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 9 nsubj _ _ 9 spread spread VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 risk risk NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | Voyages | | | | | costly *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **be** | | Voyages *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **share** | gerund | | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **spread** | present | | the risk | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location risk=Theme | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [The spice trade and the Indian Ocean, test 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean/t6/) - next →: [The spice trade and the Indian Ocean, test 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean/t8/) - ↑ back to [The spice trade and the Indian Ocean](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean/)