---
title: Identify the principal reason for which vessels crossing the Atlanti… — The Atlantic routes and the slave trade · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which vessels crossing the Atlantic followed different routes outward and homeward. Exam question 1 of lesson 30 «The Atlantic routes and the slave trade» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and o
---

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# Exam question 1 · The Atlantic routes and the slave trade

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which vessels crossing the Atlantic followed different routes outward and homeward.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, vessels · **What happens:** identify, cross, follow · **To what, where:** principal reason, Atlantic, different routes

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 30 «The Atlantic routes and the slave trade» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which vessels crossing the Atlantic followed different routes outward and homeward.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obl	_	_
7	vessels	vessel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
8	crossing	cross	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Atlantic	Atlantic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	followed	follow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
12	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	routes	route	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	outward	outward	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	homeward	homeward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason and homeward |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **cross** | gerund | vessels *not said here* | the Atlantic |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent atlantic=Patient |
| 3 | **follow** | past | vessels | different routes |  |  |  | for the principal reason and homeward; outward *property* | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent route=Theme for which=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The homeward route was invariably obstructed by ice

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade:e1:o1:1
# text = The homeward route was invariably obstructed by ice
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	homeward	homeward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	route	route	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	obstructed	obstruct	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **obstruct** | past · passive | ice | the homeward route |  |  |  | invariably *property* | vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer subject=Eventuality |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They exploited the trade winds outward and the westerlies homeward

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade:e1:o2:1
# text = They exploited the trade winds outward and the westerlies homeward
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	exploited	exploit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	winds	wind	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	outward	outward	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	westerlies	westerly	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	compound	_	_
10	homeward	homeward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exploit** | past | They |  |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **wind** | present | the trade |  |  |  |  | outward *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Customs regulations forbade the return by the outward route

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade:e1:o3:1
# text = Customs regulations forbade the return by the outward route
1	Customs	custom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	compound	_	_
2	regulations	regulation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	forbade	forbid	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	return	return	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	outward	outward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	route	route	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forbid** | past | Customs regulations | the return |  |  |  | by the outward route | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer return=Theme |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The outward route was shorter only in the summer months

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade:e1:o4:1
# text = The outward route was shorter only in the summer months
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	outward	outward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	route	route	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	shorter	short	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
6	only	only	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	months	month	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the outward route |  |  |  | month | short *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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