---
title: Why do so many Brazilians have African ancestors? — The Atlantic routes and the slave trade · tree and pragmatics
description: Why do so many Brazilians have African ancestors? Test 8 · ★ of lesson 30 «The Atlantic routes and the slave trade» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 8 · ★ · The Atlantic routes and the slave trade

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why do so many Brazilians have African ancestors?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** many Brazilians · **What happens:** have · **To what, where:** African ancestors

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 30 «The Atlantic routes and the slave trade» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/#t8).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade:t8:1
# text = Why do so many Brazilians have African ancestors?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	so	so	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	Brazilians	Brazilian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	African	African	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	ancestors	ancestor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | many Brazilians | African ancestors |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ancestor=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Brazil received more enslaved Africans than anywhere else

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade:t8:o1:1
# text = Brazil received more enslaved Africans than anywhere else
1	Brazil	Brazil	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	received	receive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	_
4	enslaved	enslave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	Africans	African	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	anywhere	anywhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	2	advmod	_	_
8	else	else	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **receive** | past | Brazil | enslaved Africans |  |  |  | anywhere *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent african=Theme |
| 2 | **enslave** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Most Africans moved there by choice in the 1950s

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade:t8:o2:1
# text = Most Africans moved there by choice in the 1950s
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	amod	_	_
2	Africans	African	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	choice	choice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	1950s	1950	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | past | Most Africans |  |  | the 1950s; there |  | by choice | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme by choice=Source in 1950=Trajectory |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Brazil was ruled by African kings

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade:t8:o3:1
# text = Brazil was ruled by African kings
1	Brazil	Brazil	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	ruled	rule	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	African	African	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:agent	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | past · passive | African kings | Brazil |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Brazil is joined to Africa by land, so people walked there

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade:t8:o4:1
# text = Brazil is joined to Africa by land, so people walked there
1	Brazil	Brazil	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	joined	join	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	11	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | present · passive | land | Brazil | Africa |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient to africa=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **walk** | past | people |  |  | there |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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