---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Borders: why they are where they are · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494? Exam question 2 of lesson 31 «Borders: why they are where they are» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's 
---

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# Exam question 2 · Borders: why they are where they are

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** Treaty

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 31 «Borders: why they are where they are» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Treaty	Treaty	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Tordesillas	Tordesillas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	1494	1494	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494 |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It apportioned newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal along a meridian

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are:e2:o1:1
# text = It apportioned newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal along a meridian
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	apportioned	apportion	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	newly	newly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	discovered	discover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	between	between	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Spain	Spain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Portugal	Portugal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	along	along	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	meridian	meridian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **apportion** | past | It | discovered lands |  |  |  | between Spain and Portugal; along a meridian | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent land=Theme |
| 2 | **discover** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | newly *property* | vn discover-84-1 «NP V PP.topic S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It conferred independence upon Brazil

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are:e2:o2:1
# text = It conferred independence upon Brazil
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	conferred	confer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	independence	independence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Brazil	Brazil	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confer** | past | It | independence |  |  |  | upon Brazil | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It concluded the Hundred Years' War

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are:e2:o3:1
# text = It concluded the Hundred Years' War
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	concluded	conclude	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	Years	Year	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	'	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	War	War	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **conclude** | past | It | the Hundred Years's War |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent war=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It established the frontier between England and Scotland along the line of Hadrian's Wall

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are:e2:o4:1
# text = It established the frontier between England and Scotland along the line of Hadrian's Wall
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	established	establish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	frontier	frontier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	between	between	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	along	along	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	Hadrian	Hadrian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	's	's	PART	POS	_	13	case	_	_
15	Wall	Wall	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **establish** | past | It | the frontier |  |  |  | between England and Scotland; along the line of Hadrian's Wall | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent frontier=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- next →: [Borders: why they are where they are, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/e3/)
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