---
title: My mate says Hadrian's Wall is the England–Scotland border, innit? — Borders: why they are where they are · tree and pragmatics
description: My mate says Hadrian's Wall is the England–Scotland border, innit? Test 1 · ★ of lesson 31 «Borders: why they are where they are» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 1 · ★ · Borders: why they are where they are

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My mate says Hadrian's Wall is the England–Scotland border, innit?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** mate, Wall · **What happens:** say, be, innit · **To what, where:** Scotland border · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 31 «Borders: why they are where they are» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/#t1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are:t1:1
# text = My mate says Hadrian's Wall is the England–Scotland border, innit?
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Hadrian	Hadrian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	Wall	Wall	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	–	-	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	border	border	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	innit	innit	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	12	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | My mate |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Hadrian's Wall | Scotland border |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **innit** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, the Scots built it to keep the English out

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are:t1:o1:1
# text = Yes, the Scots built it to keep the English out
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Scots	Scot	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	built	build	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	obj	_	_
11	out	out	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | the Scots | it |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Product |
| 2 | **keep out** | to-infinitive | the Scots *not said here* | the English |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent english=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, Hadrian's Wall is in Wales

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are:t1:o2:1
# text = No, Hadrian's Wall is in Wales
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	8	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	Hadrian	Hadrian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	Wall	Wall	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Wales	Wales	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  | Wall Wales |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, it was a Roman frontier and the border today lies to the north of it

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are:t1:o3:1
# text = No, it was a Roman frontier and the border today lies to the north of it
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	frontier	frontier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	border	border	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
11	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
12	lies	lie	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | it | a Roman frontier and the border |  |  | today |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **lie** | present | a Roman frontier and the border |  |  |  |  | to the north of north | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, the border still runs exactly along the wall from coast to coast, mate

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are:t1:o4:1
# text = Yes, the border still runs exactly along the wall from coast to coast, mate
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	border	border	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	still	still	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	runs	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	exactly	exactly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	along	along	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | present | the border |  |  | the wall from coast to coast and mate | still | exactly *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along wall=Trajectory |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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