---
title: 1492 was a big year. Which list is right? — Castile, Portugal and the first sea em… · tree and pragmatics
description: 1492 was a big year. Which list is right? Test 10 of lesson 33 «Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 10 · Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
1492 was a big year. Which list is right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** 1492, list · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** big year

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 10 of lesson 33 «Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires/#t10).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* 1492 was a big year.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires:t10:1
# text = 1492 was a big year.
1	1492	1492	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | 1492 | a big year |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Which list is right?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires:t10:2
# text = Which list is right?
1	Which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	2	det	_	_
2	list	list	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | which list |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Granada fell, Jews were told to convert or leave, Columbus reached the Caribbean

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires:t10:o1:1
# text = Granada fell, Jews were told to convert or leave, Columbus reached the Caribbean
1	Granada	Granada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	Jews	Jew	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	convert	convert	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	Columbus	Columbus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	Caribbean	Caribbean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past | Granada |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past · passive |  | Jews |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **convert** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Jews *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **leave** | infinitive | Jews *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **reach** | past | Columbus | the Caribbean |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent caribbean=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Manila galleons stopped sailing

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires:t10:o2:1
# text = The Manila galleons stopped sailing
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Manila	Manila	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	galleons	galleon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	sailing	sail	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | past | the Manila galleons |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **sail** | gerund | the Manila galleons *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Constantinople fell to the Ottomans, Venice ended and Granada was founded

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires:t10:o3:1
# text = Constantinople fell to the Ottomans, Venice ended and Granada was founded
1	Constantinople	Constantinople	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Ottomans	Ottoman	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	Venice	Venice	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	ended	end	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	Granada	Granada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	founded	found	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past | Constantinople |  |  |  |  | to the Ottomans | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.pivot»: agent=Agent to ottoman=Pivot |
| 2 | **end** | past | Venice |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **found** | past · passive |  | Granada |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vasco da Gama reached India and Brazil was founded

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires:t10:o4:1
# text = Vasco da Gama reached India and Brazil was founded
1	Vasco	Vasco	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	da	Da	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Gama	Gama	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	Brazil	Brazil	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	founded	found	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	ccomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reach** | past | Vasco da Gama |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **found** | past · passive |  | India and Brazil |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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