---
title: A cartoon shows Cortés and a few hundred Spaniards beating the Aztec… — Castile, Portugal and the first sea em… · tree and pragmatics
description: A cartoon shows Cortés and a few hundred Spaniards beating the Aztecs alone. What does it leave out? Test 3 of lesson 33 «Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's 
---

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# Test 3 · Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cartoon shows Cortés and a few hundred Spaniards beating the Aztecs alone. What does it leave out?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** cartoon, few hundred Spaniards · **What happens:** show, beat, leave out · **To what, where:** Cortés, Aztecs

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 3 of lesson 33 «Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires/#t3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A cartoon shows Cortés and a few hundred Spaniards beating the Aztecs alone.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires:t3:1
# text = A cartoon shows Cortés and a few hundred Spaniards beating the Aztecs alone.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Cortés	Cortés	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	Spaniards	spaniard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
10	beating	beat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Aztecs	Aztec	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | a cartoon |  | Cortés and a few hundred Spaniards |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent cortés=Recipient |
| 2 | **beat** | gerund | a few hundred Spaniards *not said here* | the Aztecs |  |  |  | alone *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location aztec=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What does it leave out?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires:t3:2
# text = What does it leave out?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave out** | present · do-support | cartoon |  |  |  |  |  | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Aztecs surrendered at once without any fight at all

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires:t3:o1:1
# text = The Aztecs surrendered at once without any fight at all
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Aztecs	Aztec	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	surrendered	surrender	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	3	obl	_	_
6	without	without	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	fight	fight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surrender** | past | the Aztecs |  |  |  |  | without any fight at all | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Aztecs had already left the city and gone north

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires:t3:o2:1
# text = The Aztecs had already left the city and gone north
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Aztecs	Aztec	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	already	already	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	gone	gone	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
10	north	north	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past · perfect · passive |  | the Aztecs |  |  |  | north *property* | vn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme city=Attribute |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tens of thousands of Indigenous allies and diseases

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires:t3:o3:1
# text = Tens of thousands of Indigenous allies and diseases
1	Tens	ten	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	Indigenous	indigenous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	allies	ally	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	diseases	disease	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cortés had a huge army of cannons and horses only

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires:t3:o4:1
# text = Cortés had a huge army of cannons and horses only
1	Cortés	Cortés	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	cannons	cannon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	only	only	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Cortés | a huge army of cannons and horses |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent army=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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