---
title: your mate says Brazil speaks Portuguese cos it's near Portugal lol — Castile, Portugal and the first sea em… · tree and pragmatics
description: your mate says Brazil speaks Portuguese cos it's near Portugal lol Test 7 of lesson 33 «Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 7 · Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
your mate says Brazil speaks Portuguese cos it's near Portugal lol

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** mate, Brazil · **What happens:** say, speak, be · **To what, where:** Portuguese · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 7 of lesson 33 «Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires/#t7).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires:t7:1
# text = your mate says Brazil speaks Portuguese cos it's near Portugal lol
1	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Brazil	Brazil	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	speaks	speak	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
6	Portuguese	Portuguese	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	cos	cos	SCONJ	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	near	near	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Portugal	Portugal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
12	lol	lol	INTJ	UH	_	3	discourse	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | your mate |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | Brazil | Portuguese |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | mate |  |  |  |  | cos Portugal | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, Portugal colonised it from the 1530s

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires:t7:o1:1
# text = No, Portugal colonised it from the 1530s
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	Portugal	Portugal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	colonised	colonis	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	1530s	1530	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **colonis** | past | Portugal | it |  | the 1530s |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, Brazil was always Spanish

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires:t7:o2:1
# text = No, Brazil was always Spanish
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	Brazil	Brazil	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	6	advmod	_	_
6	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Brazil |  |  |  |  | always, spanish *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, Portugal is in South America

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires:t7:o3:1
# text = Yes, Portugal is in South America
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	Portugal	Portugal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Portugal |  |  | South America |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, Brazil is right next to Portugal

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires:t7:o4:1
# text = Yes, Brazil is right next to Portugal
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	Brazil	Brazil	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	right	right	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	next	next	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Portugal	Portugal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Brazil |  | Portugal |  |  | next, right *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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