--- title: Identify the principal cause of the collapse of the Indigenous popul… — The people who were already there: wha… · tree and pragmatics description: Identify the principal cause of the collapse of the Indigenous population of the Americas subsequent to 1492. Exam question 2 of lesson 36 «The people who were already there: what colonisation did» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the quest --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/36-the-people-who-were-already-there/e2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/) / [The people who were already there: wha…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/36-the-people-who-were-already-there/) / e2 # Exam question 2 · The people who were already there: what colonisation did Identify the principal cause of the collapse of the Indigenous population of the Americas subsequent to 1492. **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, Indigenous population · **What happens:** identify, cause, collapse · **To what, where:** principal cause, collapse This is exam question 2 of lesson 36 «The people who were already there: what colonisation did» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/36-the-people-who-were-already-there/#e2). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:geography:36-the-people-who-were-already-there:e2:1 # text = Identify the principal cause of the collapse of the Indigenous population of the Americas subsequent to 1492. 1 Identify identify VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 principal principal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 cause cause NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 collapse collapse NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 10 Indigenous indigenous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 population population NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 12 of of ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 Americas AMERICAS PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 11 nmod _ _ 15 subsequent subsequent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 16 to to ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 1492 1492 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 15 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 18 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal cause of the collapse of the Indigenous population of the Americas | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent cause=Theme | | 2 | **cause** | | | the collapse of the Indigenous population of the Americas | | | | | nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient | | 3 | **collapse** | | the Indigenous population of the Americas | | | | | | nom collapse «state intransitive»: of=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1} Voluntary emigration to Europe ```conllu # sent_id = question:geography:36-the-people-who-were-already-there:e2:o1:1 # text = Voluntary emigration to Europe 1 Voluntary voluntary ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 emigration emigration NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 3 to to ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 Europe Europe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2} Introduced diseases, compounded by warfare and forced labour ```conllu # sent_id = question:geography:36-the-people-who-were-already-there:e2:o2:1 # text = Introduced diseases, compounded by warfare and forced labour 1 Introduced introduce VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 amod _ _ 2 diseases disease NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj:pass _ SpaceAfter=No 3 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 4 compounded compound VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 by by ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 warfare warfare NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 forced force VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 conj _ _ 9 labour labour NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **introduce** | participle | | | | | | | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | | 2 | **compound** | participle · passive | warfare | Introduced diseases | | | | | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | | 3 | **force** | participle | warfare *not said here* | labour | | | | | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent labour=Recipient | ### Option 3 {#o3} An extended period of drought, without any other cause ```conllu # sent_id = question:geography:36-the-people-who-were-already-there:e2:o3:1 # text = An extended period of drought, without any other cause 1 An a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 extended extended ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 period period NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 drought drought NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 6 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 7 without without ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 8 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 10 det _ _ 9 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 cause cause NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ### Option 4 {#o4} A decline in the birth rate unconnected with conquest ```conllu # sent_id = question:geography:36-the-people-who-were-already-there:e2:o4:1 # text = A decline in the birth rate unconnected with conquest 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 decline decline NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 3 in in ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 birth birth NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 6 rate rate VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 7 unconnected unconnected ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 xcomp _ _ 8 with with ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 conquest conquest NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **rate** | infinitive | a decline in the birth | | | | | unconnected *property* | vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. 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