---
title: If the Congo Free State had been run for its people, not for rubber… — The people who were already there: wha… · tree and pragmatics
description: If the Congo Free State had been run for its people, not for rubber profits, what would most likely have been different? Test 11 · ★★ of lesson 36 «The people who were already there: what colonisation did» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of t
---

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# Test 11 · ★★ · The people who were already there: what colonisation did

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If the Congo Free State had been run for its people, not for rubber profits, what would most likely have been different?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** people, rubber profits · **What happens:** run, be · **To what, where:** Congo

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 11 · ★★ of lesson 36 «The people who were already there: what colonisation did» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/36-the-people-who-were-already-there/#t11).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:36-the-people-who-were-already-there:t11:1
# text = If the Congo Free State had been run for its people, not for rubber profits, what would most likely have been different?
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Congo	Congo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	Free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	State	State	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	run	run	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	rubber	rubber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	profits	profit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
18	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	24	nsubj	_	_
19	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
20	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	21	advmod	_	_
21	likely	likely	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
22	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
23	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	24	cop	_	_
24	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past · perfect · passive | its people | the Congo and Free State |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | would · perfect | rubber profits |  |  |  |  | different, likely *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Congo River would have dried up

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:36-the-people-who-were-already-there:t11:o1:1
# text = The Congo River would have dried up
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Congo	Congo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	River	River	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux	_	_
6	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dry up** | would · perfect · passive |  | the Congo River |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Africa would have had no borders

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:36-the-people-who-were-already-there:t11:o2:1
# text = Africa would have had no borders
1	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
6	borders	border	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | would · perfect | Africa | no borders |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent border=Patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Millions of deaths from forced labour might not have happened

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:36-the-people-who-were-already-there:t11:o3:1
# text = Millions of deaths from forced labour might not have happened
1	Millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	deaths	death	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	forced	force	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	labour	labour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
9	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	aux	_	_
10	happened	happen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **force** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **happen** | might · perfect | Millions of deaths from forced labour |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leopold II would have ruled Spain and Portugal as well as Belgium

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:36-the-people-who-were-already-there:t11:o4:1
# text = Leopold II would have ruled Spain and Portugal as well as Belgium
1	Leopold	Leopold	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	II	ii	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	flat	_	_
3	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux	_	_
5	ruled	rule	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	Spain	Spain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	Portugal	Portugal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	as	as	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADV	5	advmod	_	_
10	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	9	fixed	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Belgium	Belgium	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | would · perfect · passive |  | Leopold |  |  |  | as Belgium | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Theme spain=Result |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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