---
title: Why did diseases travel mostly from Europe to the Americas and not b… — The people who were already there: wha… · tree and pragmatics
description: Why did diseases travel mostly from Europe to the Americas and not back? Test 8 · ★★ of lesson 36 «The people who were already there: what colonisation did» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was
---

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# Test 8 · ★★ · The people who were already there: what colonisation did

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why did diseases travel mostly from Europe to the Americas and not back?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** diseases · **What happens:** travel · **To what, where:** Americas, Europe

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 8 · ★★ of lesson 36 «The people who were already there: what colonisation did» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/36-the-people-who-were-already-there/#t8).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:36-the-people-who-were-already-there:t8:1
# text = Why did diseases travel mostly from Europe to the Americas and not back?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	diseases	disease	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	travel	travel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Americas	AMERICAS	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	back	back	ADV	RB	_	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **travel** | past · do-support | diseases |  | the Americas | Europe |  | mostly *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to americas=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Germs cannot live in the Americas

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:36-the-people-who-were-already-there:t8:o1:1
# text = Germs cannot live in the Americas
1	Germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Americas	AMERICAS	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **live** | can | Germs |  |  | the Americas |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in americas=Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
American peoples were cleaner and never got ill

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:36-the-people-who-were-already-there:t8:o2:1
# text = American peoples were cleaner and never got ill
1	American	American	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	cleaner	clean	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | American peoples |  |  |  |  | clean *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **get** | past | American peoples *not said here* |  |  |  |  | ill *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ships could only carry germs one way, from east to west with the trade winds

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:36-the-people-who-were-already-there:t8:o3:1
# text = Ships could only carry germs one way, from east to west with the trade winds
1	Ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	east	east	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	west	west	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	winds	wind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | could | Ships | germs |  | west |  | with the trade winds; one way *obl:unmarked* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent germ=Theme to west=Destination |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many came from living near farm animals and crowded towns, more common in Europe

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:36-the-people-who-were-already-there:t8:o4:1
# text = Many came from living near farm animals and crowded towns, more common in Europe
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	living	live	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
5	near	near	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	crowded	crowded	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	towns	town	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	13	advmod	_	_
13	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Many |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **live** | gerund | Many *not said here* |  |  |  |  | near farm animals and crowded towns | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near animal=Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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