---
title: Why did San Marino survive when other small Italian states did not? — Odd places: microstates, enclaves and… · tree and pragmatics
description: Why did San Marino survive when other small Italian states did not? Test 3 · ★★ of lesson 39 «Odd places: microstates, enclaves and disputed lands» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 3 · ★★ · Odd places: microstates, enclaves and disputed lands

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why did San Marino survive when other small Italian states did not?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** San, other small Italian states · **What happens:** survive, not do

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 3 · ★★ of lesson 39 «Odd places: microstates, enclaves and disputed lands» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/39-odd-places-microstates-enclaves-and-disputed-lands/#t3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:39-odd-places-microstates-enclaves-and-disputed-lands:t3:1
# text = Why did San Marino survive when other small Italian states did not?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	San	San	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	Marino	Marino	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
5	survive	survive	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
7	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
8	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	Italian	Italian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	states	state	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **survive** | present | San |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **do** | past | other small Italian states |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was hidden on an island

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:39-odd-places-microstates-enclaves-and-disputed-lands:t3:o1:1
# text = It was hidden on an island
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	hidden	hide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hide** | past · passive |  | It |  | a island |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Patient on island=Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was part of France

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:39-odd-places-microstates-enclaves-and-disputed-lands:t3:o2:1
# text = It was part of France
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | part |  |  |  | of France | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It stayed small, neutral and on its mountain, and was left alone

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:39-odd-places-microstates-enclaves-and-disputed-lands:t3:o3:1
# text = It stayed small, neutral and on its mountain, and was left alone
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stayed	stay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	neutral	neutral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
14	alone	alone	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | past | It |  |  |  |  | small *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **leave** | past · passive |  |  |  |  |  | alone *property* | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V» |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It had the biggest army in Italy and beat everyone who attacked

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:39-odd-places-microstates-enclaves-and-disputed-lands:t3:o4:1
# text = It had the biggest army in Italy and beat everyone who attacked
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	biggest	big	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	beat	beat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	9	obj	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	attacked	attack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | It | the biggest army |  | Italy |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent army=Patient |
| 2 | **beat** | past |  | everyone |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location everyone=Theme |
| 3 | **attack** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Odd places: microstates, enclaves and…, test 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/39-odd-places-microstates-enclaves-and-disputed-lands/t2/)
- next →: [Odd places: microstates, enclaves and…, test 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/39-odd-places-microstates-enclaves-and-disputed-lands/t4/)
- ↑ back to [Odd places: microstates, enclaves and disputed lands](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/39-odd-places-microstates-enclaves-and-disputed-lands/)