---
title: Japan has deep trenches offshore and a line of volcanoes. What is ha… — Plate tectonics · tree and pragmatics
description: Japan has deep trenches offshore and a line of volcanoes. What is happening under it? Test 5 · ★ of lesson 42 «Plate tectonics» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 5 · ★ · Plate tectonics

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Japan has deep trenches offshore and a line of volcanoes. What is happening under it?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Japan · **What happens:** have, happen · **To what, where:** deep trenches, line

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 5 · ★ of lesson 42 «Plate tectonics» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/42-plate-tectonics/#t5).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Japan has deep trenches offshore and a line of volcanoes.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:42-plate-tectonics:t5:1
# text = Japan has deep trenches offshore and a line of volcanoes.
1	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	trenches	trench	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	offshore	offshore	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Japan | deep trenches and a line of volcanoes |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trench=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is happening under it?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:42-plate-tectonics:t5:2
# text = What is happening under it?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	happening	happen	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present · progressive |  |  |  | line |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme under it=Location |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The plates are pulling apart there

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:42-plate-tectonics:t5:o1:1
# text = The plates are pulling apart there
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plates	plate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	pulling	pull	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	apart	apart	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pull apart** | present · progressive | the plates |  |  | there |  | apart *property* | vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An ocean plate is diving down in a subduction zone

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:42-plate-tectonics:t5:o2:1
# text = An ocean plate is diving down in a subduction zone
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	plate	plate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	diving	dive	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	down	down	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	subduction	subduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	zone	zone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dive down** | present · progressive | a ocean plate |  |  |  |  | in a subduction zone; down *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in zone=Attribute |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nothing, Japan sits safely in the middle of a big plate

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:42-plate-tectonics:t5:o3:1
# text = Nothing, Japan sits safely in the middle of a big plate
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sits	sit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	safely	safely	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	plate	plate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | present | Nothing |  |  | the middle of a big plate |  | safely *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in middle=Location |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Two continents are colliding there

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:42-plate-tectonics:t5:o4:1
# text = Two continents are colliding there
1	Two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	continents	continent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	colliding	collide	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collide** | present · progressive | Two continents |  |  | there |  |  | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Plate tectonics, test 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/42-plate-tectonics/t4/)
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