---
title: Identify the evidence that is consistent with the hypothesis that th… — Moving continents: from Pangaea to today · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the evidence that is consistent with the hypothesis that the continents were formerly contiguous. Exam question 2 of lesson 43 «Moving continents: from Pangaea to today» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each opt
---

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# Exam question 2 · Moving continents: from Pangaea to today

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the evidence that is consistent with the hypothesis that the continents were formerly contiguous.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, evidence, continents · **What happens:** identify, be · **To what, where:** evidence, hypothesis

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 43 «Moving continents: from Pangaea to today» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/43-moving-continents-from-pangaea-to-today/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:43-moving-continents-from-pangaea-to-today:e2:1
# text = Identify the evidence that is consistent with the hypothesis that the continents were formerly contiguous.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	continents	continent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
13	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	formerly	formerly	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	contiguous	contiguous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the evidence |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent evidence=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | the evidence | the evidence *not said here* |  |  |  | with the hypothesis; consistent *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | past | the continents | the hypothesis *not said here* |  |  |  | contiguous, formerly *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identical fossil reptiles upon continents now separated by oceans

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:43-moving-continents-from-pangaea-to-today:e2:o1:1
# text = Identical fossil reptiles upon continents now separated by oceans
1	Identical	identical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	fossil	fossil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	reptiles	reptile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	continents	continent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	_
7	separated	separate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	oceans	ocean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **separate** | participle · passive | oceans | Identical fossil reptiles upon continents |  |  | now |  | vn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The absence of any mountain ranges upon the continents

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:43-moving-continents-from-pangaea-to-today:e2:o2:1
# text = The absence of any mountain ranges upon the continents
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	absence	absence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	ranges	range	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	continents	continent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **range** | present | the absence of any mountain |  |  |  |  | upon the continents | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **absent** |  |  | any mountain |  |  |  |  | nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The present equality of the areas of all continents

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:43-moving-continents-from-pangaea-to-today:e2:o3:1
# text = The present equality of the areas of all continents
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	equality	equality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	areas	area	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	continents	continent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The identical climate prevailing upon every continent at the present day

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:43-moving-continents-from-pangaea-to-today:e2:o4:1
# text = The identical climate prevailing upon every continent at the present day
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	identical	identical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	climate	climate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	prevailing	prevail	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	continent	continent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prevail** | gerund | the identical climate *not said here* |  |  | every continent | day |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon continent=Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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