---
title: Your friend says: "The continents have always been where they are no… — Moving continents: from Pangaea to today · tree and pragmatics
description: Your friend says: "The continents have always been where they are now, maps never change." Put her right. Test 1 · ★★★ of lesson 43 «Moving continents: from Pangaea to today» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option;
---

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# Test 1 · ★★★ · Moving continents: from Pangaea to today

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your friend says: "The continents have always been where they are now, maps never change." Put her right.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** friend, continents, you · **What happens:** say, be, not change, put · **To what, where:** friend · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 · ★★★ of lesson 43 «Moving continents: from Pangaea to today» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/43-moving-continents-from-pangaea-to-today/#t1).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Your friend says: "The continents have always been where they are now, maps never change."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:43-moving-continents-from-pangaea-to-today:t1:1
# text = Your friend says: "The continents have always been where they are now, maps never change."
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	continents	continent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
8	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
9	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	11	advmod	_	_
10	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	cop	_	_
11	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	14	conj	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
16	maps	map	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
17	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
18	change	change	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Your friend |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present · perfect | continents *= continent* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | always, where *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | continents *= continent* |  |  |  |  | now *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **change** *in a quote* | present | the continents |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Put her right.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:43-moving-continents-from-pangaea-to-today:t1:2
# text = Put her right.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	right	right	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* |  | friend |  |  | right *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent she=Goal |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They move, but only in big earthquakes, a whole kilometre at a time

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:43-moving-continents-from-pangaea-to-today:t1:o1:1
# text = They move, but only in big earthquakes, a whole kilometre at a time
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	move	move	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
4	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
5	only	only	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	earthquakes	earthquake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	kilometre	kilometre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | present | They | a whole kilometre |  | big earthquakes | time |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in earthquake=Trajectory |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They drift a few cm a year, and once were joined in Pangaea

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:43-moving-continents-from-pangaea-to-today:t1:o2:1
# text = They drift a few cm a year, and once were joined in Pangaea
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drift	drift	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	cm	cm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	12	advmod	_	_
11	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	joined	join	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Pangaea	Pangaea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drift** | present | They | a few cm |  |  | year |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cm=Agent |
| 2 | **join** | past · passive |  |  |  |  |  | in Pangaea; once *property* | vn cooperate-73.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: in pangaea=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They used to be much further apart than today

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:43-moving-continents-from-pangaea-to-today:t1:o3:1
# text = They used to be much further apart than today
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
5	much	much	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	further	far	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	7	advmod	_	_
7	apart	apart	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
8	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | They |  |  |  | today |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | apart, far *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She's right, only the oceans move

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:43-moving-continents-from-pangaea-to-today:t1:o4:1
# text = She's right, only the oceans move
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	only	only	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	oceans	ocean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	move	move	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | She |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **move** | present | the oceans |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Plate tectonics, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/42-plate-tectonics/e4/)
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- ↑ back to [Moving continents: from Pangaea to today](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/43-moving-continents-from-pangaea-to-today/)