---
title: Jake says: "In an earthquake the ground opens up and swallows whole… — Earthquakes · tree and pragmatics
description: Jake says: "In an earthquake the ground opens up and swallows whole cities." Put him right. Test 1 of lesson 44 «Earthquakes» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 1 · Earthquakes

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jake says: "In an earthquake the ground opens up and swallows whole cities." Put him right.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Jake, ground, you · **What happens:** say, open up, swallow, put · **To what, where:** earthquake, whole cities, ground · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 of lesson 44 «Earthquakes» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/44-earthquakes/#t1).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Jake says: "In an earthquake the ground opens up and swallows whole cities."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:44-earthquakes:t1:1
# text = Jake says: "In an earthquake the ground opens up and swallows whole cities."
1	Jake	Jake	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	In	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	earthquake	earthquake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	opens	open	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
11	up	up	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	swallows	swallow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
14	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Jake |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **open up** *in a quote* | present | the ground |  |  | a earthquake |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **swallow** *in a quote* | present | the ground *not said here* | whole cities |  |  |  |  | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Put him right.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:44-earthquakes:t1:2
# text = Put him right.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	right	right	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* |  | ground |  |  | right *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent he=Goal |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cities sink slowly into the sea instead

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:44-earthquakes:t1:o1:1
# text = Cities sink slowly into the sea instead
1	Cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sink	sink	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	instead	instead	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sink** | present | Cities |  |  | the sea |  | instead, slowly *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ground opens and lava pours out of the cracks instead

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:44-earthquakes:t1:o2:1
# text = The ground opens and lava pours out of the cracks instead
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	opens	open	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	pours	pour	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cracks	crack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
11	instead	instead	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | present | the ground |  |  |  |  | instead *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **pour out** | present | lava | the cracks |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crack=Patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That's rare; most deaths come from buildings falling down

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:44-earthquakes:t1:o3:1
# text = That's rare; most deaths come from buildings falling down
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
5	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	deaths	death	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	buildings	building	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
10	falling	fall	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
11	down	down	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | That |  |  |  |  | rare *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | present | most deaths |  |  | buildings |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from building=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **fall down** | gerund | buildings *not said here* |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He's right, that's what kills most people in a big quake

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:44-earthquakes:t1:o4:1
# text = He's right, that's what kills most people in a big quake
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nmod	_	_
8	kills	kill	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	10	amod	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	quake	quake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | He |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **kill** | present | that | most people |  | a big quake |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Moving continents: from Pangaea to today, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/43-moving-continents-from-pangaea-to-today/e4/)
- next →: [Earthquakes, test 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/44-earthquakes/t2/)
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