---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a ts… — Tsunamis · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a tsunami? Exam question 1 of lesson 45 «Tsunamis» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Tsunamis

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a tsunami?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** tsunami

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 45 «Tsunamis» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/45-tsunamis/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:45-tsunamis:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a tsunami?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	tsunami	tsunami	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | a tsunami |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A series of waves generated by the sudden displacement of a great volume of water

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:45-tsunamis:e1:o1:1
# text = A series of waves generated by the sudden displacement of a great volume of water
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	series	series	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	generated	generate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	sudden	sudden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	displacement	displacement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	volume	volume	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **generate** | participle |  | waves *not said here* |  |  |  | by the sudden displacement of a great volume of water | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.patient V PP.product»: agent=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rise in sea level occurring each day at high tide

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:45-tsunamis:e1:o2:1
# text = A rise in sea level occurring each day at high tide
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rise	rise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	level	level	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	occurring	occur	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
7	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	tide	tide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **occur** | gerund | a rise in sea level *not said here* |  |  | high tide | day |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at tide=Location |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A wave generated exclusively by persistent winds over the ocean

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:45-tsunamis:e1:o3:1
# text = A wave generated exclusively by persistent winds over the ocean
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wave	wave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	generated	generate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	persistent	persistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	winds	wind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	over	over	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **generate** | participle |  | a wave *not said here* |  | the ocean |  | by persistent winds; exclusively *property* | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.patient V PP.product»: agent=Patient |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A single wave produced by the gravitational action of the Moon upon the ocean

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:45-tsunamis:e1:o4:1
# text = A single wave produced by the gravitational action of the Moon upon the ocean
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	wave	wave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	produced	produce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	gravitational	gravitational	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Moon	Moon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **produce** | participle |  | a single wave *not said here* |  |  |  | by the gravitational action of the Moon; upon the ocean | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **act** |  | the Moon |  |  |  |  |  | nom action «act intransitive»: of=agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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