---
title: Ben says: "Lava and magma are two different kinds of rock." Put him… — Volcanoes: how and where · tree and pragmatics
description: Ben says: "Lava and magma are two different kinds of rock." Put him right. Test 1 of lesson 46 «Volcanoes: how and where» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 1 · Volcanoes: how and where

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ben says: "Lava and magma are two different kinds of rock." Put him right.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Ben, Lava, you · **What happens:** say, be, put · **To what, where:** two different kinds, Ben · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 of lesson 46 «Volcanoes: how and where» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/46-volcanoes-how-and-where/#t1).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Ben says: "Lava and magma are two different kinds of rock."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:46-volcanoes-how-and-where:t1:1
# text = Ben says: "Lava and magma are two different kinds of rock."
1	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	magma	magma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
10	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	kinds	kind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	ccomp	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Ben |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | Lava and magma | two different kinds |  |  |  | of rock | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Put him right.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:46-volcanoes-how-and-where:t1:2
# text = Put him right.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	right	right	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* |  | Ben |  |  | right *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent he=Goal |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It's the same melted rock: magma underground, lava on the surface

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:46-volcanoes-how-and-where:t1:o1:1
# text = It's the same melted rock: magma underground, lava on the surface
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	melted	melt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
8	magma	magma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	underground	underground	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **melt** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | It | the same melted rock and magma and lava on the surface |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Magma is ash and lava is gas

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:46-volcanoes-how-and-where:t1:o2:1
# text = Magma is ash and lava is gas
1	Magma	Magma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	ash	ash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | Magma ash and lava |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Magma ash and lava | gas |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He's right, magma is solid rock and lava is the liquid kind that flows

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:46-volcanoes-how-and-where:t1:o3:1
# text = He's right, magma is solid rock and lava is the liquid kind that flows
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	magma	magma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	solid	solid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
10	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	liquid	liquid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	flows	flow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | He |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | magma | solid rock and the liquid kind |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | lava | the liquid kind |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **flow** | present | the liquid kind |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lava is the one underground and magma is the one on top

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:46-volcanoes-how-and-where:t1:o4:1
# text = Lava is the one underground and magma is the one on top
1	Lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	underground	underground	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	magma	magma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Lava | the one and the one |  |  |  | underground *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | magma | the one |  | top |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Tsunamis, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/45-tsunamis/e4/)
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