---
title: A steep, cone-shaped volcano made of layers of ash and lava sits abo… — Volcanoes: how and where · tree and pragmatics
description: A steep, cone-shaped volcano made of layers of ash and lava sits above a subduction zone. What is it most likely to do? Test 10 of lesson 46 «Volcanoes: how and where» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's
---

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# Test 10 · Volcanoes: how and where

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A steep, cone-shaped volcano made of layers of ash and lava sits above a subduction zone. What is it most likely to do?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** steep shaped volcano, volcano · **What happens:** shape, make, sit, be · **To what, where:** steep shaped volcano, subduction zone

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This is test 10 of lesson 46 «Volcanoes: how and where» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/46-volcanoes-how-and-where/#t10).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A steep, cone-shaped volcano made of layers of ash and lava sits above a subduction zone.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:46-volcanoes-how-and-where:t10:1
# text = A steep, cone-shaped volcano made of layers of ash and lava sits above a subduction zone.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
2	steep	steep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	cone	cone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	volcano	volcano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	layers	layer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	ash	ash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	sits	sit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	above	above	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	subduction	subduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	zone	zone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shape** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a steep shaped volcano *not said here* |  |  |  | of layers of ash and lava | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **sit** | present | a steep shaped volcano |  |  | a subduction zone |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent above zone=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is it most likely to do?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:46-volcanoes-how-and-where:t10:2
# text = What is it most likely to do?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	7	obj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
4	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	5	advmod	_	_
5	likely	likely	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | volcano |  |  |  |  | do, likely *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Erupt explosively from time to time

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:46-volcanoes-how-and-where:t10:o1:1
# text = Erupt explosively from time to time
1	Erupt	erupt	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	explosively	explosively	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **erupt** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  | time | explosively *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never erupt again

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:46-volcanoes-how-and-where:t10:o2:1
# text = Never erupt again
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	erupt	erupt	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	again	again	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **erupt** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  | again |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pour out only gentle runny lava for ever

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:46-volcanoes-how-and-where:t10:o3:1
# text = Pour out only gentle runny lava for ever
1	Pour	pour	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	out	out	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	gentle	gentle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	runny	runny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	1	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pour out** | imperative | you *not said here* | gentle runny lava |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for ever=Beneficiary |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Erupt only deep under the sea

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:46-volcanoes-how-and-where:t10:o4:1
# text = Erupt only deep under the sea
1	Erupt	erupt	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **erupt** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | deep *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Volcanoes: how and where, test 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/46-volcanoes-how-and-where/t9/)
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