---
title: "how come hawaii has volcanoes, it's not on a plate edge??" — Volcanoes: how and where · tree and pragmatics
description: "how come hawaii has volcanoes, it's not on a plate edge??" Test 3 of lesson 46 «Volcanoes: how and where» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 3 · Volcanoes: how and where

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"how come hawaii has volcanoes, it's not on a plate edge??"

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** come hawaii, hawaii · **What happens:** have, not be · **To what, where:** volcanoes, plate edge

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 3 of lesson 46 «Volcanoes: how and where» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/46-volcanoes-how-and-where/#t3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:46-volcanoes-how-and-where:t3:1
# text = "how come hawaii has volcanoes, it's not on a plate edge??"
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
3	come	come	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	hawaii	hawaii	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	plate	plate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	??	??	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** *in a quote* | present | come hawaii | volcanoes |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent volcano=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **is** *in a quote* | present | hawaii |  |  | a plate edge |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is right on the edge of the Pacific plate, where it meets Asia

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:46-volcanoes-how-and-where:t3:o1:1
# text = It is right on the edge of the Pacific plate, where it meets Asia
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	Pacific	Pacific	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	plate	plate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	14	advmod	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	meets	meet	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
15	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  | the edge of the Pacific plate |  | right *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **meet** | present | plate | Asia |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent asia=Co-Agent |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It sits over a hotspot, hot rock rising from the deep mantle

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:46-volcanoes-how-and-where:t3:o2:1
# text = It sits over a hotspot, hot rock rising from the deep mantle
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sits	sit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	over	over	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hotspot	hotspot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
9	rising	rise	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	mantle	mantle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | present | It |  |  | a hotspot |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over hotspot=Location |
| 2 | **rise** | gerund | hot rock *not said here* |  |  | the deep mantle |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from mantle=Initial\_Location |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its volcanoes are made by the strong tides

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:46-volcanoes-how-and-where:t3:o3:1
# text = Its volcanoes are made by the strong tides
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	tides	tide	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive | the strong tides | Its volcanoes |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It doesn't have any volcanoes really, just hills

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:46-volcanoes-how-and-where:t3:o4:1
# text = It doesn't have any volcanoes really, just hills
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	really	really	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	just	just	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **have** | present · do-support | It | any volcanoes |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent volcano=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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