---
title: The Hawaiian island of Kauai is old and worn, while Big Island still… — Volcanoes: how and where · tree and pragmatics
description: The Hawaiian island of Kauai is old and worn, while Big Island still erupts. Why? Test 4 of lesson 46 «Volcanoes: how and where» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 4 · Volcanoes: how and where

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Hawaiian island of Kauai is old and worn, while Big Island still erupts. Why?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Hawaiian island, Big Island · **What happens:** be, erupt

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 of lesson 46 «Volcanoes: how and where» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/46-volcanoes-how-and-where/#t4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The Hawaiian island of Kauai is old and worn, while Big Island still erupts.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:46-volcanoes-how-and-where:t4:1
# text = The Hawaiian island of Kauai is old and worn, while Big Island still erupts.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Hawaiian	hawaiian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Kauai	Kauai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	worn	worn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
12	Big	Big	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	Island	Island	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
14	still	still	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	erupts	erupt	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the Hawaiian island of Kauai |  |  |  |  | old *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the Hawaiian island of Kauai *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **erupt** | present | Big Island |  |  |  | still |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Why?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:46-volcanoes-how-and-where:t4:2
# text = Why?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hotspot moves around the Pacific each year

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:46-volcanoes-how-and-where:t4:o1:1
# text = The hotspot moves around the Pacific each year
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hotspot	hotspot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	moves	move	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	around	around	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Pacific	Pacific	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | present | the hotspot |  |  | the Pacific | year |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme around pacific=Trajectory |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The plate carried Kauai away from the hotspot long ago

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:46-volcanoes-how-and-where:t4:o2:1
# text = The plate carried Kauai away from the hotspot long ago
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plate	plate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Kauai	Kauai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	away	away	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hotspot	hotspot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	advmod	_	_
10	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry away** | past | the plate | Kauai |  | the hotspot |  | ago, away *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent kauai=Theme from hotspot=Initial\_Location |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kauai was built by a different kind of volcano

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:46-volcanoes-how-and-where:t4:o3:1
# text = Kauai was built by a different kind of volcano
1	Kauai	Kauai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	volcano	volcano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past · passive | a different kind of volcano | Kauai |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kauai is closer to the hotspot than Big Island is, so it cooled first

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:46-volcanoes-how-and-where:t4:o4:1
# text = Kauai is closer to the hotspot than Big Island is, so it cooled first
1	Kauai	Kauai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	closer	close	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hotspot	hotspot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	Big	Big	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Island	Island	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	so	so	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	cooled	cool	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
15	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	14	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Kauai |  |  |  |  | to the hotspot; than Big Island; close *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **cool** | past | hotspot |  |  |  |  | first *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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