---
title: A volcano hasn't erupted for 2,000 years. Tom says: "It's extinct, t… — Volcanoes: how and where · tree and pragmatics
description: A volcano hasn't erupted for 2,000 years. Tom says: "It's extinct, totally safe." Right? Test 8 of lesson 46 «Volcanoes: how and where» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 8 · Volcanoes: how and where

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A volcano hasn't erupted for 2,000 years. Tom says: "It's extinct, totally safe." Right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** volcano, Tom · **What happens:** not erupt, say, be · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 8 of lesson 46 «Volcanoes: how and where» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/46-volcanoes-how-and-where/#t8).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A volcano hasn't erupted for 2,000 years.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:46-volcanoes-how-and-where:t8:1
# text = A volcano hasn't erupted for 2,000 years.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	volcano	volcano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	erupted	erupt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	2,000	2000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **erupt** | present · perfect | a volcano |  |  |  | year |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Tom says: "It's extinct, totally safe."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:46-volcanoes-how-and-where:t8:2
# text = Tom says: "It's extinct, totally safe."
1	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	totally	totally	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Tom |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | volcano |  |  |  |  | extinct *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** *in a quote* |  | volcano *not said here* |  |  |  |  | totally *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* Right?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:46-volcanoes-how-and-where:t8:3
# text = Right?
1	Right	right	INTJ	UH	_	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, volcanoes only ever erupt once

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:46-volcanoes-how-and-where:t8:o1:1
# text = Yes, volcanoes only ever erupt once
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	6	advmod	_	_
6	erupt	erupt	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	6	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **erupt** | infinitive | volcanoes |  |  |  | ever | once *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, 2,000 years means it is extinct

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:46-volcanoes-how-and-where:t8:o2:1
# text = Yes, 2,000 years means it is extinct
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	2,000	2000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	ccomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | 2,000 years |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | extinct *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, it will certainly erupt next year

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:46-volcanoes-how-and-where:t8:o3:1
# text = No, it will certainly erupt next year
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
4	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	erupt	erupt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **erupt** | future | it |  |  |  | year | certainly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, it counts as active and could erupt again

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:46-volcanoes-how-and-where:t8:o4:1
# text = No, it counts as active and could erupt again
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	counts	count	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	active	active	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	erupt	erupt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
10	again	again	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | present | it |  |  |  |  | as active | vn masquerade-29.6 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as active=Attribute |
| 2 | **erupt** | could |  |  |  |  | again |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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