---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Famous eruptions and living with volca… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the consequences of the eruption of Tambora in 1815? Exam question 1 of lesson 47 «Famous eruptions and living with volcanoes» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and
---

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# Exam question 1 · Famous eruptions and living with volcanoes

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the consequences of the eruption of Tambora in 1815?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Tambora · **What happens:** follow, characteris, erupt · **To what, where:** consequences

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 47 «Famous eruptions and living with volcanoes» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/47-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:47-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the consequences of the eruption of Tambora in 1815?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	consequences	consequence	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	eruption	eruption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Tambora	Tambora	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	1815	1815	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the consequences of the eruption of Tambora in 1815 |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **erupt** |  | Tambora |  |  |  |  |  | nom eruption «event intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The destruction of the Roman towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:47-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes:e1:o1:1
# text = The destruction of the Roman towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	destruction	destruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	towns	town	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Pompeii	Pompeii	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	Herculaneum	Herculaneum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **destroy** |  |  | the Roman towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum |  |  |  |  | nom destruction «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The grounding of aviation throughout Europe for a period of one week

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:47-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes:e1:o2:1
# text = The grounding of aviation throughout Europe for a period of one week
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	grounding	grounding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	aviation	aviation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	throughout	throughout	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ground** |  |  | aviation |  |  | throughout Europe | for a period of one week | nom grounding «cognition transitive»: of=patient throughout=obl for=obl |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A climatic disturbance which rendered 1816 a year without a summer in Europe and North America

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:47-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes:e1:o3:1
# text = A climatic disturbance which rendered 1816 a year without a summer in Europe and North America
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	climatic	climatic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	disturbance	disturbance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	rendered	render	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	1816	1816	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obj	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
9	without	without	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **render** | past | a climatic disturbance | 1816 |  | Europe and North America | summer; year |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 1816=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The collapse of the northern flank of a volcano in the United States

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:47-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes:e1:o4:1
# text = The collapse of the northern flank of a volcano in the United States
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	collapse	collapse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	flank	flank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	volcano	volcano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	United	United	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	States	State	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collapse** |  | the northern flank of a volcano |  |  | the United States |  |  | nom collapse «state intransitive»: of=agent in=place |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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