---
title: Identify the principal reason for which human settlement persists in… — Famous eruptions and living with volca… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which human settlement persists in the vicinity of active volcanoes. Exam question 2 of lesson 47 «Famous eruptions and living with volcanoes» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each optio
---

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# Exam question 2 · Famous eruptions and living with volcanoes

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which human settlement persists in the vicinity of active volcanoes.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, human settlement · **What happens:** identify, persist · **To what, where:** principal reason, vicinity

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 47 «Famous eruptions and living with volcanoes» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/47-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:47-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which human settlement persists in the vicinity of active volcanoes.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
7	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	settlement	settlement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	persists	persist	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	vicinity	vicinity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	active	active	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **persist** | present | human settlement |  |  | the vicinity of active volcanoes |  | for the principal reason | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in vicinity=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The legal prohibition of settlement elsewhere

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:47-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes:e2:o1:1
# text = The legal prohibition of settlement elsewhere
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	legal	legal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	prohibition	prohibition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	settlement	settlement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	elsewhere	elsewhere	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prohibit** |  |  | settlement |  |  |  |  | nom prohibition «communication transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The total absence of seismic activity in such regions of the world

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:47-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes:e2:o2:1
# text = The total absence of seismic activity in such regions of the world
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	total	total	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	absence	absence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	seismic	seismic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	activity	activity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	regions	region	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **absent** |  |  | seismic activity in such regions of the world |  |  |  |  | nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The protection which volcanoes afford against flooding

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:47-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes:e2:o3:1
# text = The protection which volcanoes afford against flooding
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	protection	protection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	4	det	_	_
4	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	afford	afford	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	against	against	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	flooding	flooding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **afford** | infinitive | the protection |  |  |  |  | against flooding | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The exceptional fertility of soils derived from volcanic ash

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:47-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes:e2:o4:1
# text = The exceptional fertility of soils derived from volcanic ash
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	exceptional	exceptional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	fertility	fertility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	soils	soil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	derived	derive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	ash	ash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **derive** | participle |  | soils *not said here* |  | volcanic ash |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from ash=Material |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Famous eruptions and living with volca…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/47-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes/e1/)
- next →: [Famous eruptions and living with volca…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/47-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Famous eruptions and living with volcanoes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/47-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes/)