---
title: Mia says: "A rock is a rock for ever, it never changes." What's true? — Igneous rocks and the rock cycle · tree and pragmatics
description: Mia says: "A rock is a rock for ever, it never changes." What's true? Test 5 of lesson 48 «Igneous rocks and the rock cycle» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 5 · Igneous rocks and the rock cycle

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mia says: "A rock is a rock for ever, it never changes." What's true?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Mia, rock · **What happens:** say, be, not change · **To what, where:** rock · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 5 of lesson 48 «Igneous rocks and the rock cycle» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/48-igneous-rocks-and-the-rock-cycle/#t5).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Mia says: "A rock is a rock for ever, it never changes."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:48-igneous-rocks-and-the-rock-cycle:t5:1
# text = Mia says: "A rock is a rock for ever, it never changes."
1	Mia	Mia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	ccomp	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
15	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Mia |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | a rock | a rock |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **change** *in a quote* | present | rock |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What's true?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:48-igneous-rocks-and-the-rock-cycle:t5:2
# text = What's true?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only igneous rocks can change

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:48-igneous-rocks-and-the-rock-cycle:t5:o1:1
# text = Only igneous rocks can change
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	igneous	igneous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | can | igneous rocks |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rocks change into other kinds of rock every few weeks, after heavy rain

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:48-igneous-rocks-and-the-rock-cycle:t5:o2:1
# text = Rocks change into other kinds of rock every few weeks, after heavy rain
1	Rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	change	change	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	kinds	kind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
9	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	after	after	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | present | Rocks |  |  |  | after heavy rain; week | into other kinds of rock *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.result»: agent=Patient into kind=Result |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She's right, rocks never change at all

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:48-igneous-rocks-and-the-rock-cycle:t5:o3:1
# text = She's right, rocks never change at all
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
6	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	change	change	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | She |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **change** | present | rocks |  |  | all |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Over millions of years rocks are worn, squeezed or melted into other rocks

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:48-igneous-rocks-and-the-rock-cycle:t5:o4:1
# text = Over millions of years rocks are worn, squeezed or melted into other rocks
1	Over	over	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	worn	wear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	squeezed	squeeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	melted	melt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
12	into	into	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | present · passive |  | rocks |  | millions of years |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: subject=Source |
| 2 | **squeeze** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **melt** | participle |  |  |  | other rocks |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material into rock=Product |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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