---
title: "is sedimentary rock basically just rocks made by volcanoes?" — Igneous rocks and the rock cycle · tree and pragmatics
description: "is sedimentary rock basically just rocks made by volcanoes?" Test 7 of lesson 48 «Igneous rocks and the rock cycle» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 7 · Igneous rocks and the rock cycle

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"is sedimentary rock basically just rocks made by volcanoes?"

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** rock · **What happens:** be, make · **To what, where:** sedimentary rocks

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 7 of lesson 48 «Igneous rocks and the rock cycle» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/48-igneous-rocks-and-the-rock-cycle/#t7).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:48-igneous-rocks-and-the-rock-cycle:t7:1
# text = "is sedimentary rock basically just rocks made by volcanoes?"
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	sedimentary	sedimentary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
4	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	basically	basically	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	just	just	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | rock | sedimentary rocks |  |  |  | basically *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** *in a quote* | participle |  | sedimentary rocks *not said here* |  |  |  | by volcanoes | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, all rocks come from volcanoes in the end

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:48-igneous-rocks-and-the-rock-cycle:t7:o1:1
# text = Yes, all rocks come from volcanoes in the end
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | all rocks |  |  | volcanoes | in the end |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from volcano=Initial\_Location |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, volcanoes make igneous rock; sedimentary is pressed-together bits

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:48-igneous-rocks-and-the-rock-cycle:t7:o2:1
# text = No, volcanoes make igneous rock; sedimentary is pressed-together bits
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	igneous	igneous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
8	sedimentary	sedimentary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	pressed	press	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	together	together	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
13	bits	bit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | volcanoes | igneous rock |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset rock=Product |
| 2 | **press** | present · passive |  | sedimentary |  |  |  | together *property* | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP ADJP-Result»: subject=Theme bit=Result |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, sedimentary rocks are made by plants growing and dying on top of them

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:48-igneous-rocks-and-the-rock-cycle:t7:o3:1
# text = No, sedimentary rocks are made by plants growing and dying on top of them
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
3	sedimentary	sedimentary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
9	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	dying	die	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	conj	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive | plants | sedimentary rocks |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product |
| 2 | **grow** | gerund | plants *not said here* |  |  | top of rocks |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on top=Location |
| 3 | **die** | gerund | plants *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, but only the dark ones

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:48-igneous-rocks-and-the-rock-cycle:t7:o4:1
# text = Yes, but only the dark ones
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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