---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the formation of sedimentary rocks? Exam question 1 of lesson 49 «Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's ch
---

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# Exam question 1 · Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the formation of sedimentary rocks?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** formation

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 49 «Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/49-sedimentary-and-metamorphic-rocks/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:49-sedimentary-and-metamorphic-rocks:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the formation of sedimentary rocks?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	formation	formation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	sedimentary	sedimentary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the formation of sedimentary rocks |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Molten rock is cooled and solidified at depth

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:49-sedimentary-and-metamorphic-rocks:e1:o1:1
# text = Molten rock is cooled and solidified at depth
1	Molten	molten	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	cooled	cool	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	solidified	solidify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	depth	depth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cool** | present · passive |  | Molten rock |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **solidify** | participle |  |  |  | depth |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pre-existing rock is altered by heat and pressure without melting

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:49-sedimentary-and-metamorphic-rocks:e1:o2:1
# text = Pre-existing rock is altered by heat and pressure without melting
1	Pre-existing	pre-existing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	altered	alter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	pressure	pressure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	melting	melt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **alter** | present · passive | heat and pressure | Pre-existing rock |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 2 | **melt** | gerund | heat and pressure *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Crystals are precipitated from volcanic gases

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:49-sedimentary-and-metamorphic-rocks:e1:o3:1
# text = Crystals are precipitated from volcanic gases
1	Crystals	crystal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	precipitated	precipitate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	gases	gas	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:agent	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **precipitate** | present · passive | volcanic gases | Crystals |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Particles are deposited in layers, buried, compacted and cemented

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:49-sedimentary-and-metamorphic-rocks:e1:o4:1
# text = Particles are deposited in layers, buried, compacted and cemented
1	Particles	particle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	deposited	deposit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	layers	layer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	buried	bury	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	compacted	compact	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	cemented	cement	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deposit** | present · passive |  | Particles |  | layers |  |  | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in layer=Destination |
| 2 | **bury** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **compact** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **cement** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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