---
title: It is given that a sequence of sedimentary strata has remained undis… — Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that a sequence of sedimentary strata has remained undisturbed. Ascertain which statement concerning the relative age of the strata is correct. Exam question 3 of lesson 49 «Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and 
---

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# Exam question 3 · Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that a sequence of sedimentary strata has remained undisturbed. Ascertain which statement concerning the relative age of the strata is correct.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, statement · **What happens:** give, remain, ascertain, concern, be · **To what, where:** It, sequence, relative age

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 49 «Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/49-sedimentary-and-metamorphic-rocks/#e3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that a sequence of sedimentary strata has remained undisturbed.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:49-sedimentary-and-metamorphic-rocks:e3:1
# text = It is given that a sequence of sedimentary strata has remained undisturbed.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sequence	sequence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	sedimentary	sedimentary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	strata	strata	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	remained	remain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
12	undisturbed	undisturbed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **remain** | present · perfect · passive |  | a sequence of sedimentary strata |  |  |  | undisturbed *property* | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Ascertain which statement concerning the relative age of the strata is correct.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:49-sedimentary-and-metamorphic-rocks:e3:2
# text = Ascertain which statement concerning the relative age of the strata is correct.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	3	det	_	_
3	statement	statement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
4	concerning	concern	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	relative	relative	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	strata	strata	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	correct	correct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **concern** | gerund | which statement *not said here* | the relative age of the strata |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus age=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | present | which statement |  |  |  |  | correct *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The uppermost stratum is the oldest

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:49-sedimentary-and-metamorphic-rocks:e3:o1:1
# text = The uppermost stratum is the oldest
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	uppermost	uppermost	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	stratum	stratum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	oldest	old	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the uppermost stratum |  |  |  |  | old *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lowermost stratum is the oldest

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:49-sedimentary-and-metamorphic-rocks:e3:o2:1
# text = The lowermost stratum is the oldest
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	lowermost	lowermost	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	stratum	stratum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	oldest	old	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the lowermost stratum |  |  |  |  | old *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The age of the strata cannot be compared in any respect

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:49-sedimentary-and-metamorphic-rocks:e3:o3:1
# text = The age of the strata cannot be compared in any respect
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	strata	strata	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	compared	compare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	12	det	_	_
12	respect	respect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **compare** | can · passive |  | the age of the strata |  | any respect |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All strata are of identical age

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:49-sedimentary-and-metamorphic-rocks:e3:o4:1
# text = All strata are of identical age
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	strata	stratum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	identical	identical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | all strata |  |  |  | of identical age |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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