--- title: Rock layers in a cliff are bent into a big arch. What most likely di… — Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks · tree and pragmatics description: Rock layers in a cliff are bent into a big arch. What most likely did that? Test 8 · ★ of lesson 49 «Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/49-sedimentary-and-metamorphic-rocks/t8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/) / [Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/49-sedimentary-and-metamorphic-rocks/) / t8 # Test 8 · ★ · Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks Rock layers in a cliff are bent into a big arch. What most likely did that? **Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** bend, do · **To what, where:** Rock layers, big arch, that This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 49 «Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/49-sedimentary-and-metamorphic-rocks/#t8). ## The question {#question} *Sentence 1:* Rock layers in a cliff are bent into a big arch. ```conllu # sent_id = question:geography:49-sedimentary-and-metamorphic-rocks:t8:1 # text = Rock layers in a cliff are bent into a big arch. 1 Rock rock NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 layers layer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 in in ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 cliff cliff NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 6 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 aux:pass _ _ 7 bent bend VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 8 into into ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 10 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 arch arch NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 12 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **bend** | present · passive | | Rock layers in a cliff | | a big arch | | | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: subject=Material into arch=Product | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. *Sentence 2:* What most likely did that? ```conllu # sent_id = question:geography:49-sedimentary-and-metamorphic-rocks:t8:2 # text = What most likely did that? 1 What what PRON WP PronType=Int 4 obj _ _ 2 most most ADV RBS Degree=Sup 3 advmod _ _ 3 likely likely ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 4 did do VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 that that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 4 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 6 ? ? PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **do** | past | | that | | | | likely *property* | tree rules | ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1} Plates colliding and squeezing the layers ```conllu # sent_id = question:geography:49-sedimentary-and-metamorphic-rocks:t8:o1:1 # text = Plates colliding and squeezing the layers 1 Plates plate NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 2 colliding collide VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 1 acl _ _ 3 and and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 4 squeezing squeeze VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 2 conj _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 layers layer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **collide** | gerund | Plates *not said here* | | | | | | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **squeeze** | gerund | Plates *not said here* | the layers | | | | | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent layer=Theme | ### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2} Waves bending them last winter ```conllu # sent_id = question:geography:49-sedimentary-and-metamorphic-rocks:t8:o2:1 # text = Waves bending them last winter 1 Waves wave NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 2 bending bend VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 1 acl _ _ 3 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obj _ _ 4 last last ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 winter winter NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl:unmarked _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **bend** | gerund | Waves *not said here* | Waves *= wave* | | | winter | | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent they=Material | ### Option 3 {#o3} Rain falling on the layers ```conllu # sent_id = question:geography:49-sedimentary-and-metamorphic-rocks:t8:o3:1 # text = Rain falling on the layers 1 Rain rain NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 2 falling fall VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 1 acl _ _ 3 on on ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 layers layer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **fall** | gerund | Rain *not said here* | | | the layers | | | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on layer=Location | ### Option 4 {#o4} The layers were laid down curved by wind ```conllu # sent_id = question:geography:49-sedimentary-and-metamorphic-rocks:t8:o4:1 # text = The layers were laid down curved by wind 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 layers layer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 3 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 laid lay VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 down down ADP RP _ 4 compound:prt _ _ 6 curved curve VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 conj _ _ 7 by by ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 wind wind NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **lay down** | past · passive | | the layers | | | | | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result | | 2 | **curve** | participle | | | | | | by wind | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, test 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/49-sedimentary-and-metamorphic-rocks/t7/) - next →: [Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, test 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/49-sedimentary-and-metamorphic-rocks/t9/) - ↑ back to [Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/49-sedimentary-and-metamorphic-rocks/)