---
title: How could deep layers of rock salt end up under dry land in England? — Minerals and crystals · tree and pragmatics
description: How could deep layers of rock salt end up under dry land in England? Test 8 · ★★ of lesson 50 «Minerals and crystals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 8 · ★★ · Minerals and crystals

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How could deep layers of rock salt end up under dry land in England?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** deep layers · **What happens:** end up · **To what, where:** dry land

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 8 · ★★ of lesson 50 «Minerals and crystals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/50-minerals-and-crystals/#t8).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:50-minerals-and-crystals:t8:1
# text = How could deep layers of rock salt end up under dry land in England?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	layers	layer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	end	end	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	up	up	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	under	under	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end up** | present | deep layers of rock salt |  |  | dry land in England |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An ancient sea there dried up and left its salt behind

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:50-minerals-and-crystals:t8:o1:1
# text = An ancient sea there dried up and left its salt behind
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
5	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	behind	behind	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dry up** | participle · passive |  | a ancient sea |  | there |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result |
| 2 | **leave** | past |  | sea's salt |  |  |  | behind *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent salt=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rain carried salt down from the clouds

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:50-minerals-and-crystals:t8:o2:1
# text = Rain carried salt down from the clouds
1	Rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	down	down	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry down** | past | Rain | salt |  | the clouds |  | down *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent salt=Theme from cloud=Initial\_Location |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Salt lorries buried it there long ago to store it for winter

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:50-minerals-and-crystals:t8:o3:1
# text = Salt lorries buried it there long ago to store it for winter
1	Salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	lorries	lorry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	buried	bury	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
6	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
7	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	store	store	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bury** | past | Salt lorries | it |  | there |  | ago *property* | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 2 | **store** | to-infinitive | Salt lorries *not said here* | it |  |  | winter |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It froze out of underground ice

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:50-minerals-and-crystals:t8:o4:1
# text = It froze out of underground ice
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	froze	freeze	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	underground	underground	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **freeze out** | past | It | underground ice |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient ice=Result |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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