---
title: A milk bottle full of water was left outside in a frosty night and c… — Weathering and erosion · tree and pragmatics
description: A milk bottle full of water was left outside in a frosty night and cracked. Which rock process does this copy? Test 2 of lesson 52 «Weathering and erosion» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was 
---

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# Test 2 · Weathering and erosion

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A milk bottle full of water was left outside in a frosty night and cracked. Which rock process does this copy?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** rock process · **What happens:** leave, crack, copy · **To what, where:** milk bottle

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 2 of lesson 52 «Weathering and erosion» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/52-weathering-and-erosion/#t2).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A milk bottle full of water was left outside in a frosty night and cracked.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:52-weathering-and-erosion:t2:1
# text = A milk bottle full of water was left outside in a frosty night and cracked.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	bottle	bottle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	outside	outside	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	frosty	frosty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	cracked	crack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past · passive |  | a milk bottle |  |  | night | outside *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **crack** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Which rock process does this copy?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:52-weathering-and-erosion:t2:2
# text = Which rock process does this copy?
1	Which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	2	det	_	_
2	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	process	process	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	nsubj	_	_
6	copy	copy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **copy** | present · do-support | rock process |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Frost weathering, as freezing water expands

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:52-weathering-and-erosion:t2:o1:1
# text = Frost weathering, as freezing water expands
1	Frost	frost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	weathering	weathering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	freezing	freeze	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	amod	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	expands	expand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **freeze** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **expand** | present | freezing water | Frost weathering *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent weathering=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Erosion by wind blasting sand against rock

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:52-weathering-and-erosion:t2:o2:1
# text = Erosion by wind blasting sand against rock
1	Erosion	erosion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	by	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	blasting	blast	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	acl	_	_
5	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	against	against	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blast** | gerund | Erosion by wind *not said here* | sand |  |  |  | against rock | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent sand=Instrument against rock=Patient |
| 2 | **erode** |  | wind |  |  |  |  |  | nom erosion «process transitive»: by=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rain slowly dissolving a block of limestone

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:52-weathering-and-erosion:t2:o3:1
# text = Rain slowly dissolving a block of limestone
1	Rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	dissolving	dissolve	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	block	block	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	limestone	limestone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dissolve** | gerund | Rain | a block of limestone |  |  |  | slowly *property* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent block=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Deposition at a river mouth

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:52-weathering-and-erosion:t2:o4:1
# text = Deposition at a river mouth
1	Deposition	deposition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Weathering and erosion, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/52-weathering-and-erosion/t1/)
- next →: [Weathering and erosion, test 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/52-weathering-and-erosion/t3/)
- ↑ back to [Weathering and erosion](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/52-weathering-and-erosion/)