---
title: "rivers start at the sea and flow up into the mountains" — Jack's li… — Rivers shaping the land · tree and pragmatics
description: "rivers start at the sea and flow up into the mountains" — Jack's little brother. What is right? Test 2 · ★ of lesson 53 «Rivers shaping the land» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 2 · ★ · Rivers shaping the land

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"rivers start at the sea and flow up into the mountains" — Jack's little brother. What is right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** rivers · **What happens:** start, flow up, be · **To what, where:** little brother, sea, mountains

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 2 · ★ of lesson 53 «Rivers shaping the land» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/53-rivers-shaping-the-land/#t2).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* "rivers start at the sea and flow up into the mountains" — Jack's little brother.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:53-rivers-shaping-the-land:t2:1
# text = "rivers start at the sea and flow up into the mountains" — Jack's little brother.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	start	start	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	flow	flow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	up	up	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
14	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
15	Jack	Jack	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	's	's	PART	POS	_	15	case	_	_
17	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** *in a quote* | present | rivers | Jack's little brother |  | the sea |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brother=Eventuality |
| 2 | **flow up** *in a quote* | present | rivers *not said here* |  |  | the mountains |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is right?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:53-rivers-shaping-the-land:t2:2
# text = What is right?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rivers flow both ways at once

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:53-rivers-shaping-the-land:t2:o1:1
# text = Rivers flow both ways at once
1	Rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	flow	flow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flow** | present | Rivers | both ways |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location way=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rivers flow uphill in the morning only, then back down at night

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:53-rivers-shaping-the-land:t2:o2:1
# text = Rivers flow uphill in the morning only, then back down at night
1	Rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	flow	flow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	uphill	uphill	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	advmod	_	_
10	back	back	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
11	down	down	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flow** | present | Rivers |  |  |  | morning; night | uphill *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rivers flow downhill from their source to their mouth

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:53-rivers-shaping-the-land:t2:o3:1
# text = Rivers flow downhill from their source to their mouth
1	Rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	flow	flow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	downhill	downhill	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	source	source	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flow** | present | Rivers |  |  | Rivers's source |  | to Rivers's mouth; downhill *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rivers flow only in winter

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:53-rivers-shaping-the-land:t2:o4:1
# text = Rivers flow only in winter
1	Rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	flow	flow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flow** | present | Rivers |  |  |  | winter |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Rivers shaping the land, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/53-rivers-shaping-the-land/t1/)
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