---
title: A geologist finds a curved, horseshoe-shaped lake beside a winding r… — Rivers shaping the land · tree and pragmatics
description: A geologist finds a curved, horseshoe-shaped lake beside a winding river. What is it most likely? Test 3 · ★ of lesson 53 «Rivers shaping the land» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 3 · ★ · Rivers shaping the land

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A geologist finds a curved, horseshoe-shaped lake beside a winding river. What is it most likely?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** geologist · **What happens:** find, curve, shape, be · **To what, where:** curved shaped lake, winding river, geologist

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 53 «Rivers shaping the land» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/53-rivers-shaping-the-land/#t3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A geologist finds a curved, horseshoe-shaped lake beside a winding river.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:53-rivers-shaping-the-land:t3:1
# text = A geologist finds a curved, horseshoe-shaped lake beside a winding river.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	geologist	geologist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	finds	find	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
5	curved	curve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	horseshoe	horseshoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
11	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	winding	winding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | present | a geologist | a curved shaped lake |  | a winding river |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lake=Topic |
| 2 | **curve** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material |
| 3 | **shape** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is it most likely?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:53-rivers-shaping-the-land:t3:2
# text = What is it most likely?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	nsubj	_	_
4	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	5	advmod	_	_
5	likely	likely	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | geologist |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An oxbow lake, a cut-off meander

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:53-rivers-shaping-the-land:t3:o1:1
# text = An oxbow lake, a cut-off meander
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	oxbow	oxbow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	cut	cut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	off	off	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	meander	meander	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A spring bubbling up at the river's source

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:53-rivers-shaping-the-land:t3:o2:1
# text = A spring bubbling up at the river's source
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	bubbling	bubble	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	source	source	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bubble up** | gerund | a spring *not said here* |  |  | the river's source |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at source=Location |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pool dug by a glacier

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:53-rivers-shaping-the-land:t3:o3:1
# text = A pool dug by a glacier
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pool	pool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	dug	dig	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	glacier	glacier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig** | participle |  | a pool *not said here* |  |  |  | by a glacier | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent by glacier=Location |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A crater from a meteorite

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:53-rivers-shaping-the-land:t3:o4:1
# text = A crater from a meteorite
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crater	crater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	meteorite	meteorite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Rivers shaping the land, test 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/53-rivers-shaping-the-land/t2/)
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