---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a gl… — Glaciers and ice ages · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a glacier? Exam question 1 of lesson 54 «Glaciers and ice ages» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Glaciers and ice ages

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a glacier?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** glacier

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 54 «Glaciers and ice ages» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/54-glaciers-and-ice-ages/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:54-glaciers-and-ice-ages:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a glacier?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	glacier	glacier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | a glacier |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mass of ice that proceeds downhill under its own weight

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:54-glaciers-and-ice-ages:e1:o1:1
# text = A mass of ice that proceeds downhill under its own weight
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mass	mass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	proceeds	proceed	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
7	downhill	downhill	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	under	under	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	weight	weight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **proceed** | present | a mass of ice |  |  | ice's own weight |  | downhill *property* | vn begin-55.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A formation of snow suspended in the atmosphere

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:54-glaciers-and-ice-ages:e1:o2:1
# text = A formation of snow suspended in the atmosphere
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	formation	formation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	suspended	suspend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	atmosphere	atmosphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suspend** | participle |  | a formation of snow *not said here* |  | the atmosphere |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in atmosphere=Location |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A deposit of crystalline rock resembling ice

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:54-glaciers-and-ice-ages:e1:o3:1
# text = A deposit of crystalline rock resembling ice
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	deposit	deposit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	crystalline	crystalline	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	resembling	resemble	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
7	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **resemble** | gerund | a deposit of crystalline rock *not said here* | ice |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **deposit** |  |  | crystalline rock |  |  |  |  | nom deposit «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stationary body of frozen fresh water

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:54-glaciers-and-ice-ages:e1:o4:1
# text = A stationary body of frozen fresh water
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	stationary	stationary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
6	fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **freeze** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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