---
title: Identify the principal reason for which headlands and bays are forme… — Coasts and caves · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which headlands and bays are formed along a coastline. Exam question 1 of lesson 55 «Coasts and caves» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Coasts and caves

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which headlands and bays are formed along a coastline.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, form · **To what, where:** principal reason, headlands

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 55 «Coasts and caves» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/55-coasts-and-caves/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:55-coasts-and-caves:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which headlands and bays are formed along a coastline.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obl	_	_
7	headlands	headland	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	bays	bay	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	formed	form	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
12	along	along	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	coastline	coastline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **form** | present · passive |  | headlands and bays |  |  |  | for the principal reason; along a coastline | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Result for which=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Resistant rock is eroded more rapidly than less resistant rock

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:55-coasts-and-caves:e1:o1:1
# text = Resistant rock is eroded more rapidly than less resistant rock
1	Resistant	resistant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	eroded	erode	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	_
6	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	amod	_	_
9	resistant	resistant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **erode** | present · passive |  | Resistant rock |  |  |  | than less resistant rock; rapidly *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bays are excavated exclusively by human activity

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:55-coasts-and-caves:e1:o2:1
# text = Bays are excavated exclusively by human activity
1	Bays	bay	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	excavated	excavate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	activity	activity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **excavate** | present · passive | human activity | Bays |  |  |  | exclusively *property* | vn search-35.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent subject=Location |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Waves exert no force upon soft rock

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:55-coasts-and-caves:e1:o3:1
# text = Waves exert no force upon soft rock
1	Waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	exert	exert	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exert** | present | Waves | no force |  |  |  | upon soft rock | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent force=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Less resistant rock is eroded more rapidly than resistant rock

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:55-coasts-and-caves:e1:o4:1
# text = Less resistant rock is eroded more rapidly than resistant rock
1	Less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	amod	_	_
2	resistant	resistant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	eroded	erode	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	7	advmod	_	_
7	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
8	than	than	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	resistant	resistant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **erode** | present · passive |  | Less resistant rock |  |  |  | than resistant rock; rapidly *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Coasts and caves, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/55-coasts-and-caves/t11/)
- next →: [Coasts and caves, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/55-coasts-and-caves/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Coasts and caves](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/55-coasts-and-caves/)