---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Soil · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the composition of soil? Exam question 1 of lesson 56 «Soil» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Soil

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the composition of soil?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** composition

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 56 «Soil» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/56-soil/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:56-soil:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the composition of soil?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	composition	composition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the composition of soil |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A deposit consisting exclusively of decayed vegetation

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:56-soil:e1:o1:1
# text = A deposit consisting exclusively of decayed vegetation
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	deposit	deposit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	consisting	consist	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	decayed	decay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	vegetation	vegetation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consist** | gerund | a deposit *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of decayed vegetation; exclusively *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **decay** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A homogeneous substance consisting solely of crushed rock

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:56-soil:e1:o2:1
# text = A homogeneous substance consisting solely of crushed rock
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	homogeneous	homogeneous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	substance	substance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	consisting	consist	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	solely	solely	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	crushed	crush	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consist** | gerund | a homogeneous substance of crushed rock *not said here* |  |  |  |  | solely *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **crush** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mixture of mineral particles, humus, water, air and living organisms

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:56-soil:e1:o3:1
# text = A mixture of mineral particles, humus, water, air and living organisms
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mixture	mixture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	mineral	mineral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	particles	particle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	humus	humus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	organisms	organism	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mixture of sand and sea water alone

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:56-soil:e1:o4:1
# text = A mixture of sand and sea water alone
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mixture	mixture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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