---
title: Identify the principal reason for which numerous rainforest soils ar… — Soil · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which numerous rainforest soils are deficient in nutrients. Exam question 2 of lesson 56 «Soil» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 2 · Soil

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which numerous rainforest soils are deficient in nutrients.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, numerous rainforest soils · **What happens:** identify, be · **To what, where:** principal reason, nutrients

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 56 «Soil» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/56-soil/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:56-soil:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which numerous rainforest soils are deficient in nutrients.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obl	_	_
7	numerous	numerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	rainforest	rainforest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	soils	soil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	deficient	deficient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	acl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	nutrients	nutrient	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | numerous rainforest soils |  |  | nutrients |  | for the principal reason; deficient *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rainfall in such regions is wholly insufficient

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:56-soil:e2:o1:1
# text = Rainfall in such regions is wholly insufficient
1	Rainfall	rainfall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	regions	region	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	wholly	wholly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Rainfall in such regions |  |  |  |  | insufficient, wholly *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Heavy rainfall leaches nutrients, the greater part being retained within vegetation

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:56-soil:e2:o2:1
# text = Heavy rainfall leaches nutrients, the greater part being retained within vegetation
1	Heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	rainfall	rainfall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	leaches	leach	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	nutrients	nutrient	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	retained	retain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
11	within	within	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	vegetation	vegetation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leach** | present | Heavy rainfall | nutrients |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent nutrient=Source |
| 2 | **retain** | gerund · passive |  | the greater part |  |  |  | within vegetation | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Such soils consist entirely of bedrock

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:56-soil:e2:o3:1
# text = Such soils consist entirely of bedrock
1	Such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	soils	soil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	consist	consist	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	entirely	entirely	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	bedrock	bedrock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consist** | present | Such soils |  |  |  |  | of bedrock; entirely *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Temperatures are too low for decomposition

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:56-soil:e2:o4:1
# text = Temperatures are too low for decomposition
1	Temperatures	temperature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	too	too	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	decomposition	decomposition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Temperatures |  |  |  |  | for decomposition; low *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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