---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Coal, oil and gas · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the origin of fossil fuels? Exam question 1 of lesson 59 «Coal, oil and gas» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Coal, oil and gas

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the origin of fossil fuels?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** origin

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 59 «Coal, oil and gas» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/59-coal-oil-and-gas/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:59-coal-oil-and-gas:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the origin of fossil fuels?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	origin	origin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	fossil	fossil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	fuels	fuel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the origin of fossil fuels |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They derive from the remains of plants and minute marine organisms interred over millions of years

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:59-coal-oil-and-gas:e1:o1:1
# text = They derive from the remains of plants and minute marine organisms interred over millions of years
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	derive	derive	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	remains	remains	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	minute	minute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
10	marine	marine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	organisms	organism	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
12	interred	inter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
13	over	over	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **derive** | present | They |  |  | the remains of plants and minute marine organisms |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from remains=Material |
| 2 | **inter** | participle |  | plants and minute marine organisms *not said here* |  | millions of years |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are produced annually by the action of rainfall

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:59-coal-oil-and-gas:e1:o2:1
# text = They are produced annually by the action of rainfall
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	produced	produce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	annually	annually	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	rainfall	rainfall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **produce** | present · passive | the action of rainfall | They |  |  |  | annually *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result |
| 2 | **act** |  | rainfall |  |  |  |  |  | nom action «act intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They derive from the bones of dinosaurs melted by volcanic heat

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:59-coal-oil-and-gas:e1:o3:1
# text = They derive from the bones of dinosaurs melted by volcanic heat
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	derive	derive	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	melted	melt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **derive** | present | They |  |  | the bones of dinosaurs |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from bone=Material |
| 2 | **melt** | participle |  | dinosaurs *not said here* |  |  |  | by volcanic heat | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are formed within factories from sand

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:59-coal-oil-and-gas:e1:o4:1
# text = They are formed within factories from sand
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	formed	form	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	within	within	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	factories	factory	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **form** | present · passive |  | They |  |  |  | within factories from sand | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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